enjoy a small garden With the proper tree selection, this is possible, but it's essential to choose species whose root systems are not invasive. A poor choice can lead to structural problems in the home, pools, paths, or nearby pipes, and could even result in the tree's removal with all the associated ecological and economic consequences.
So that you can create your own oasis of shade, freshness and beauty without risks to your home or garden, we present a Complete guide to trees with non-invasive rootsYou'll find detailed information on recommended species, their development, benefits, planting and care recommendations, along with expert advice to ensure your selection is a long-term success.
Why does a tree's root system matter?
El root system The roots of a tree perform essential functions: anchoring the tree to the ground, capturing water and nutrients, and storing reserves. However, not all trees develop their roots in the same way. Some species tend to expand their roots horizontally in search of water, which can damage foundations, walls, sidewalks, or underground installations, while others develop more compact or taproots, ideal for small gardens and urban environments.
Choose species with few roots It's the best choice for patios next to homes, residential areas, or any space where buildings or infrastructure are nearby. This way, you'll avoid structural problems and enjoy a green, beautiful, and safe environment.
There are two predominant types of roots in trees:
- Extensive roots: They branch horizontally, following the size of the canopy or even exceeding it. They are very effective at stabilizing the tree and capturing nutrients, but can be problematic in small gardens or near buildings.
- Taproot: They have a thick taproot that grows vertically downward, anchoring the tree deeply. They are less invasive to nearby structures, but require deep soils and can be sensitive to wind.
Advantages of low-rooted trees in small gardens
- Compatibility with homes and buildings: They reduce the risk of damage to foundations, floors and pipes.
- Ease of maintenance: Generally, they require less aggressive pruning, minimizing intensive work.
- Better coexistence with other plants: Having less invasive roots, they share space with shrubs, grass, or flowers without excessive competition for water and nutrients.
- Aesthetics and functionality: Many species combine beauty, shade and decorative flowering, contributing to pleasant gardens year-round.
Now, discover the trees with non-invasive roots most recommended and the particularities of each one.
Acer palmatum (Japanese Maple)
El Acer palmatum, known as the Japanese maple, is a deciduous tree appreciated worldwide for its foliage and elegance. It has a growth moderate and a compact and low-expansion root system, ideal for its planting in patios, terraces and small gardens.
Main Features:
- Height between 2 and 5 meters (grafted ones are usually shorter).
- It requires acidic soils and water (low pH), well drained and rich in organic matter.
- It does not tolerate strong direct sunlight; it prefers semi-shade.
- Ideal for areas with cool winters, withstanding temperatures up to -15ºC.
In autumn, its leaves take on reddish and orange hues, providing a unique visual spectacle.
Albizia julibrissin (Silk tree or Constantinople acacia)
This beautiful deciduous tree supports non-invasive roots and is suitable for warm climates with mild winters.
- Height between 6 and 15 meters (it is usually pruned to keep it low in small gardens).
- Fluffy pink flowers grouped in very decorative and nectar-rich inflorescences, attracting pollinators.
- It can withstand temperatures up to -6ºC, but is best in environments without intense frost.
Due to its wide and light canopy, it provides quick shade without damaging nearby structures.
Callistemon viminalis (Weeping Pipe Cleaner)
El Callistemon viminalis It is a small evergreen tree or shrub, characterized by its brush-shaped red flowers.
- It reaches between 4 and 6 meters in height.
- Shallow, non-expansive roots.
- Tolerant to light frosts down to -7ºC and warm conditions.
- Very ornamental weeping appearance.
Perfect for low-maintenance gardens and areas that require an exotic touch.
Hakea laurina (Hakea pincushion)
Of Australian origin, hakea laurina It is a unique evergreen tree due to its rounded flowers reminiscent of pompoms.
- Reaches up to 6 meters high.
- It tolerates moderate heat and mild frosts down to -4ºC.
- Compact and non-invasive roots.
- Its flowers are a great attraction for insects and birds.
Koelreuteria paniculata (Chinese Soapeater)
El China Soap Holder It stands out for its resistance, controlled roots and its spectacular summer flowering in yellow panicles, which provide light and color to the environment.
- Maximum height of 8 meters.
- Rounded crown, pinnate leaves that change color in autumn between yellow and orange.
- Flowers in long panicles up to 40 cm.
- It withstands intense frosts down to -18ºC.
Highly recommended species for areas where different plants and buildings coexist.
Prunus cerasifera var pissardii (Purple-leaved plum)
El Prunus cerasifera in its 'Pissardii' variety It is an ornamental tree par excellence for small gardens, appreciated for its purple foliage and white or pink flowers.
- Height between 10 and 15 meters (although it rarely exceeds 10 m in controlled cultivation).
- Narrow crown and non-aggressive roots.
- Frost resistant down to -12ºC.
- It produces edible fruits and flowers in spring.
Ideal for adding color and life to any space without fear of excessive root growth.
Syringa vulgaris (Lilo or lilac)
La Syringa vulgaris It is a tree or shrub with non-invasive roots, very common in family gardens due to its fragrance and color.
- Height between 4 and 7 meters.
- It can be pruned to limit its size, adapting well to small spaces.
- Fragrant violet or white flowers, very attractive to butterflies.
- Resistant to -5ºC.
Click to buy seeds.
Thevetia peruviana (Yellow oleander)
La Peruvian Thevetia It is a small, very hardy evergreen tree, which usually does not exceed 7 meters.
- Lanceolate green leaves and bell-shaped yellow flowers during the summer.
- Non-invasive root; tolerates poor soils and frequent pruning.
- It withstands light frosts down to -4ºC.
It provides an uncomplicated tropical look, but it's important to note that all parts are toxic if ingested.
Lagerstroemia indica (Jupiter tree or Indian lilac)
El Jupiter tree It is appreciated for its spectacular bunches of flowers and its adaptability in urban gardens.
- Height between 6 and 8 meters.
- Flowers grouped in terminals of pink, mauve or white colors.
- It withstands temperatures up to 38ºC and frosts of -15ºC.
- Slow growth and controlled roots.
Perfect for planting along paths, patios or terraces due to its low root impact.
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Ligustrum japonicum (Japanese privet)
El Ligustrum japonicum It is one of the best options for perennial plantings in small spaces.
- It reaches 10 meters, but tolerates continuous pruning to keep it smaller.
- Glossy evergreen leaves; small yellow flowers.
- Non-invasive roots, ideal for urban and private gardens.
- Resists up to -18ºC.
It is widely used in landscaping due to its versatility and ease of maintenance.
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Other species recommended by experts
- Bauhinia variegata (Orchid tree, Cow's foot): A 6-7 meter tree with a dense canopy, it requires full sun and tolerates mild frosts. It stands out for its pink or white flowers and parasol-like canopy.
- Cercis siliquastrum (Love tree, redbud): Deciduous, 6 to 12 meters tall, it blooms lilac-pink in spring before the leaves emerge. Root-controlled, ideal for cool climates and well-drained soils.
- Orange and lemon trees (Citrus): Evergreen leaves, 4 to 7 meters tall, taproots, fragrant flowers, and edible fruits. They require protection from severe frost and offer shade and aroma year-round.
- Laburnum anagyroides (Golden Shower): Up to 7 meters tall, with hanging clusters of yellow flowers. All parts are poisonous; plant away from children and pets.
- Persimmon (Diospyros kaki): Fruit tree with a rounded crown and moderate height (10-12 meters), not aggressive, produces sweet fruits in winter.
- Celtis australis (Hackberry): Vigorous tree but with little expansive roots, very suitable for warm areas.
- Magnolia grandiflora: Large evergreen, non-invasive roots if their development is controlled, large and aromatic flowers.
- Ginkgo biloba: Resistant and ornamental tree, compact roots, tolerates pollution and different climates.
Tips for planting and caring for shallow-rooted trees
- Planting distance: Leave at least one meter (preferably more) of space between the tree and buildings, walls, paved floors, and swimming pools to ensure that, even though they are non-invasive species, their roots do not cause problems over time.
- Irrigation and soil: Each species has specific water requirements, but most prefer well-drained, waterlogged soils. Watering should be tailored to the season and local climate, increasing in summer and decreasing in fall and winter.
- Subscriber: Apply organic or species-specific fertilizers during spring and summer to promote growth and flowering.
- Pruning: Maintain the desired shape, remove dead branches, and adjust the size according to available space. Do this during the recommended season for each species.
- Pest protection: Monitor for the emergence of pests and diseases, especially in the early years or after periods of water stress.
Remember that although these trees don't usually cause root problems, good planning and a certain amount of space between trees and buildings are essential. Research each species' adaptation to your area before planting and enjoy a harmonious, fresh, and sustainable garden.
Count on low-rooted trees In your small garden, it's a great opportunity to enjoy shade, color, and nature without worry. It's easy to maintain, it coexists excellently with other plants, and you'll also be able to admire spectacular blooms and, in some cases, aromatic and edible fruits. The right choice and location will transform your outdoor space into a healthy and beautiful green haven year-round.