The multiplication of succulent plants and cacti can be carried out through several methods, among which the following stand out: seed method and the cuttings method. On this occasion, we will explore a particularly fascinating and widely used method: the cactus graftTo learn more about the art of grafting, visit the art of grafting cacti.
But what exactly is a graft? Grafting involves joining two different plant parts together to form a single plant. The recipient part of this union is called standard o rootstock, which provides its roots and part of the stem.
Cacti can be grafted relatively easily, while succulent plants other than cacti require rootstocks that are compatible with the grafts they are applied to. This means that, in many cases, the rootstocks must be from the same botanical genus or closely related species.
You may be wondering why you should choose grafting instead of the other methods mentioned above. Here are some reasons:
- The graft is effective, similar to the seed and cuttings methods, and is successfully applied to succulent and succulent plants.
- Some cacti, especially those that present vibrant colors, lack chlorophyll, which prevents their independent survival. For this reason, they resort to grafting onto a rootstock that provides them with the necessary nutrients to survive. If you're interested in more details about cactus growth, check out the fastest growing cacti.
- Succulent plants, such as those with crystal forms, do not flower or produce seeds frequently. Consequently, grafting becomes a necessary tool for their propagation, and it has also been observed that these plants grow more rapidly using this method.
What is a graft?
Grafting involves joining two different plant parts together so that their tissues fuse together, forming a single plant. To understand this process, it's vital to know some key terms: standard o rootstock It is the part that provides the roots and part of the stem, on which the graft itself is placed.
In the family of Cacti, a great flexibility, since many species can be grafted together without complications, unlike other plants that require grafts to be of the same genus.
Usefulness of cactus grafting
The graft is considered a effective alternative method for the propagation of many plants in this group. Some of its uses are listed below:
- The colorful cacti (like the Red, pink, Orange o yellow) lack chlorophyll and therefore cannot produce their own food. They are grafted onto a rootstock that provides them with the necessary nutrients.
- The crystal plants or crystal cactus are a special form of cactus that has a brain-like appearance, and are often difficult to propagate due to their poor flowering and seed production. Grafting techniques are essential for maintaining and multiplying these varieties. If you'd like to learn more about cactus propagation, check out propagation of cacti by cuttings.
- Grafting is also used to save plants that are experiencing decay on its stems or roots. Cutting off the affected part and attaching it to a healthy rootstock can restore the plant's health.
- Species of can be grafted slow growth on a more vigorous pattern, resulting in accelerated growth and obtaining cuttings or seeds in a shorter time.
- Patterns may offer some species of cactus greater resistance to rot and adverse weather conditions.
- For aesthetic reasons, a cactus that tends to grow drooping can be grafted onto a vertical rootstock, which provides a more attractive visual presentation.
Types of rootstocks
The most common species used as rootstocks in cacti include:
- hylocereus (for example, Hylocereus undatus): are the most used due to their fast growth and ability to withstand wet soils. However, they tend to have a short life and do not usually last more than 5 years.
- Echinopsis pachanoi, E. brigdeesii, E. macrogonus and E. peruvianus: They are more durable rootstocks and are recommended for species that need to withstand Cold climates and a dry substrate in winter.
- Trichocereus spp.: are the columnar varieties that can support Adverse conditions, ideal for those cacti that must survive cold winters.
- Myrtilocactus geometrizans: is another good pattern that offers stability.
- Echinopsis multiplex: This is also easy to grow and produces many suckers that can be used as rootstocks.
Ideal time for grafting
The most opportune time to carry out grafts is during the spring y early summer. Although grafting can also be done during the summer and into early autumn, the results may not be as favorable. winter season It is considered the least suitable, since it is crucial that the plants are in active growth so that the graft can be successful. For more information on when to graft, visit when to graft.
Steps to perform a cactus graft
Below are the essential steps for successful cactus grafting:
- A week before grafting, prepare the plants by increasing the irrigation and the allowance so that they are more swollen and ready for grafting.
- Select a rootstock that is in recent growth and from the same season.
- Use sharp, sterilized tools, such as a knife or scalpel. sterilization can be done by soaking the tools in a solution of bleach and water.
- Make a cut horizontal on the rootstock and slanted cuts on each rib. Make sure both cuts are clean and humid.
- Quickly join the graft and rootstock sections together, ensuring the vascular bundles match. For a complete guide on how to graft cacti, visit how to graft cacti.
- Use one elastic band or tape to hold the parts together during the welding process.
- Keep the graft in one place warm and in the shade, and water sparingly.
- After about 15 days, check the graft. If everything went well, you can remove the rubber bands or tapes holding it together.
Post-graft care
It is essential to provide the grafted plant with the adequate conditions for your recovery and growth:
- Make sure the plant does not receive too many hours of light. direct sunlight, as it is more vulnerable and can suffer stress. Provide shade, especially during the hottest hours of the day.
- It is important to monitor the conditions of moisture and do not overwater, as this could lead to rotting of the plant.
- Observe any signs of disease on the grafted plant and act quickly if problems are detected. If you need information on common cactus diseases, consult cactus diseases.
- If the graft fails, don't hesitate to repeat the process by cutting the rootstock a little lower to ensure a successful re-union.
To maximize graft success, consider the following:
- Establish a work area cleaning and controlled, free of air currents to avoid contamination by fungi and bacteria.
- Disinfect all materials and work tools before beginning the graft.
- Make the cuts with precision to ensure that the contact surfaces are optimal.
- Check the pressure of the tapes or rubber bands that hold the graft and rootstock together daily.
- Crested cacti are usually easier to graft than globulars, so keep this in mind when selecting your plants.
