The guaje tree, scientifically known as Leucaena leucocephala, is a leguminous species that is cultivated for various purposes, such as the production of fodder, wood, or even as a natural fertilizer. Its ease of growth and adaptation to different types of soil make it a excellent option For farmers and ranchers. If you're interested in learning more about Leucaena leucocephala, this guide will be helpful.
Learn all about guaje cultivation, covering every essential aspect, from planting to maintenance and its most common uses.
Preparation of the land
For successful guaje cultivation, it is essential to properly prepare the soil. flat and fertile soils, the preparation procedure is similar to that used for crops such as corn. However, if the soil presents steep slopes or low fertility, it is recommended to use the direct sowing method in holes, called "espeque".
In rocky or hard-to-work soils, it will be sufficient to make furrows with tools that can penetrate the soil. Planting in furrows facilitates control of weeds and pests, in addition to allowing adequate distribution of water and fertilizers.
Planting the guaje tree
The guaje is planted in furrows separated by 90 cm to 1 meter, depending on whether you plan to harvest them by hand or for livestock grazing. The seeds should be placed in holes 2 to 3 cm deep and at a distance of 8 to 10 cm between each plant. It is recommended to sow in a stream to ensure good plant density.
If the crop is intended for manual cutting, it is important to thin the plants leaving one every 8-10 cm to allow a homogeneous growth.
Irrigation and climatic factors
During the period of establishment of the guaje, it is crucial to maintain constant soil moisture through frequent watering. As the plant develops its root system, its roots can reach up to thrice the height of the plant, reducing the need for frequent watering.
Although it is a resistant species, better results are obtained if the prolonged drought and if irrigation is provided during the drier periods.
Fertilization of the guaje
For better development of the guaje, it is recommended to apply fertilization in two steps:
- First application: At the time of sowing, fertilizer should be applied in a band without directly touching the seed. A mixture of superphosphate, micronutrients, and elements such as zinc and molybdenum.
- Second application: At the beginning of the second year's rainy season, the same mixture should be applied by broadcasting to strengthen plant growth.
In acidic soils, it is advisable to add calcium carbonate between 150 and 300 kg/ha to improve soil conditions.
Weed control
El weed control is a key aspect during the first year of establishment, since these can compete with the guaje for nutrients and affect its development. To avoid problems, it is recommended to carry out three or four weedings during the first year of cultivation.
Production and maintenance
Depending on the purpose of the crop, guaje can be harvested in different ways:
- Forage: If the objective is forage production, cuts can be made between 30 and 45 days after each regrowth, with a cutting height of approximately 1 meters.
- Grazing: In case of planning for grazing, the growth of the plant must be regulated so that it does not exceed the 2.5 metersIf trees grow too large, it is advisable to prune them to 15-20 cm to encourage regrowth that is more accessible to livestock.
- Fruits and seeds: For the production of fruits, seeds or wood, it is recommended to sow at a distance of 1 meter between plants and furrows, allowing a density of 10,000 plants per hectare.
Plagues and diseases
The guaje is a resistant plant, but it can be affected by some plagues and diseases. Among the most common are:
- Psyllid (fly): It can be controlled with specific insecticides.
- Red ants (cuatalatas): Apply insecticide directly to the affected area.
- Red spider and aphid: They can be reduced by pruning and weed control.
- Chahuistes or fungosis: In these cases, mowing or grazing is recommended to remove the affected part.
Additional uses of guaje
In addition to its use as fodder, guaje is a excellent option for the production of green manureIts foliage can be cut and placed directly on the soil as a natural fertilizer. It can also be used for timber and firewood production, making it a sustainable option for various rural uses.
Guaje cultivation is a sustainable and versatile alternative that provides numerous benefits both in the production of fodder and in the natural fertilization of the soil. With the proper managementThis plant can provide regular harvests and serve as an excellent resource for farmers and ranchers.
