The mandarin tree, scientifically known as Citrus reticulata, is an excellent option for those who want to enjoy fresh fruit at home. It's moderately sized and easy to grow, adapting well to both gardens and pots on terraces or balconies. Its care covers aspects such as climate, watering, pruning, fertilization, and prevention of common problems. If you're interested in growing a mandarin tree or improving its health, here you'll find all the information you need to ensure it grows strongly, produces abundant fruit, and remains beautiful year-round.
Characteristics of the mandarin tree
The mandarin belongs to the family of Rutaceae, which has more than 1600 species. Among citrus trees, this tree is distinguished by its smaller size than the orange tree and its rounded crown. It reaches a height of between 2 and 4 meters, with a width of 3 to 6 meters. It is a tree self-fertile, which means it doesn't need another plant for pollination and fruit formation. However, the presence of bees and other pollinating insects helps increase its production.
Light and climate requirements
The mandarin needs a lot of sunlight to grow properly. It is recommended to place it in a place where it receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per dayIt is a hardy tree, but it can suffer in extremely cold climates. If you live in an area with harsh winters, it is recommended protect it from frost using special covers or, if it is in a pot, moving it to a more sheltered location during the colder months.
Types of soil and suitable substrate
For optimal growth, the mandarin tree needs a well drained soil and with a good amount of organic matter. A substrate that is too compact or has poor drainage can cause root diseasesIf you're going to plant it in a pot, choose one large enough to give the roots room. It's important to ensure good drainage with holes in the base and add a layer of stones or gravel before placing the soil.
Fertilizer and manure
Nutrients are essential For the mandarin tree to grow healthy and produce quality fruit, the main elements it needs are:
- Nitrogen: Essential for tree growth and leaf development.
- Phosphorus: Contributes to fruit ripening and sugar retention.
- Potassium: Helps in the formation of the fruit and improves its quality.
- Football: It favors the cellular structure and strengthens the cell walls of the fruit.
It also requires micronutrients such as iron, zinc, manganese, copper, and molybdenum. In the case of organic farming, they can be used Organic fertilizers such as compost, manure, or worm castings. If you'd like to learn more about the composting process, you can visit articles on how to fertilize the garden.
Adequate watering
Watering is key to the development of mandarin trees. It is recommended to maintain a balanced soil moisture level, avoiding both excess and extreme dryness. Watering frequency varies depending on the season:
- Summer: Water at least 3 times a week.
- Winter: Reduce watering to 1 or 2 times per week, depending on soil moisture.
If the tree is in a pot, it should be watered when the surface layer of the substrate is dry to the touch.
Pruning and maintenance
Pruning is an important task to maintain the health of the tree and improve fruit production. It is recommended to prune in spring, once it has already yielded its harvest. To carry out effective pruning:
- Delete dry, weak or diseased branches.
- Maintain a balanced structure to allow for entry of light.
- Ensure that the tree has a manageable height to facilitate harvesting.
It is recommended to use clean and disinfected tools to avoid infections in the cut branches. When pruning the tree, remember that proper techniques are essential for caring for your mandarin tree.
Most popular varieties of mandarin
There are different types of mandarin trees, each with unique characteristics. Some of the most popular varieties include:
- Creole Mandarin: It is the most common. It flowers in February-March and is harvested in September-October. It has a thin rind and a sweet flavor.
- Mandarin EncoreIt blooms in October-November and is harvested in May-June. It is characterized by its rough skin and very sweet flavor.
- Tangor Murcott MandarinIt flowers in August-September and is harvested in April-May. Its fruit is yellow, with a thin shell and no seeds.
- Okitsu Mandarin: It is a vigorous variety that flowers in October-November and is harvested between March and April.
Helpful tips for keeping a mandarin tree healthy
In addition to basic care, there are certain tricks that can help improve the growth and production of your mandarin tree:
- Avoid transplanting near pine trees, as these can hinder their development.
- Protects the roots when transplanting, avoiding exposure to air.
- Ensures good soil aeration placing a handful of rice in the hole before planting.
- Fertilize the soil at least twice a year to maintain a good level of nutrients.
- Avoid the presence of animals that may affect the roots or trunk of the tree.
With these tips, your mandarin tree will be healthy and strong, allowing you to enjoy delicious fruit every year. Caring for a mandarin tree isn't complicated, but it does require constant attention to light, watering, and fertilization. By following these recommendations, you can ensure it grows in optimal conditions and produces abundant, tasty mandarins.
