The lychee tree, scientifically known as litchi chinensis, is a tropical species native to southern China that has spread to various regions of the world thanks to its prized fruit. This tree stands out not only for its ornamental value, but also for the exquisiteness of its fruits, which have a sweet taste and a meaty texture.
Growing lychees may seem challenging, but with the right knowledge about their ideal climate, irrigation, soil, pruning y pest control, it is possible to obtain a satisfactory harvest. In this article, we'll explore every crucial aspect of ensuring the healthy growth of this fruit tree, whether in a pot or in a garden.
Characteristics of the Lychee Tree
The lychee tree is a species of slow growth which can reach up to 15 meters in height under ideal conditions. It is characterized by its dense crown full of shiny, dark green leaves. flowers, small and grouped in inflorescences, appear in spring and give rise to fruits after pollination.
The lychee fruit is a rounded drupe with a rough, reddish skin. Its white and juicy pulp It encloses a large brown seed. The harvest period varies by region, but generally occurs between june and august.
Climate and Location for Growing Lychee
The lychee tree thrives in climates hot and humid, with ideal temperatures between 20°C and 30°C. It does not tolerate frost well, so it is essential to protect it if grown in areas with cold winters.
Ideal location: It should be planted in a place with direct exposure to the sun for at least 6 daily hours. Although it tolerates some shade, its development and fruiting improve with adequate lighting. For more information about the cultivation according to the climate, check out our related article.
Protection against wind and cold
Lychee is sensitive to strong winds, as they can damage its branches. In areas with extreme climates, it's advisable to use windbreaks or place the plant in a protected area.
Soil Type and Fertilizer
Lychee grows best in light, well-drained soils rich in organic matter. Prefers a slightly acid pH (between 5.5 and 6.5), so it is important to avoid alkaline or clayey soils that retain too much moisture.
Fertilization and manure
During the first years of the tree's life, it is essential to provide fertilizers rich in nitrogen to promote vegetative growth. From the fourth year onwards, a balanced fertilizer with phosphorous and potassium to stimulate flowering and fruiting. To learn more about fertilizing fruit trees, visit our article on planting frame.
Proper Watering of Lychee Trees
The lychee needs a constant humidity in the soil, especially during the flowering and fruiting phase. However, it is crucial to avoid waterlogging, as this can cause root diseases.
Irrigation frequency:
- In summer: frequent watering, every 2 or 3 days.
- In winter: moderate watering, approximately every 7 days.
If grown in a pot, hydration must be even more controlled, since the soil dries out faster in containers.
Tree Pruning and Maintenance
Pruning is essential to maintain the health of the tree and improve fruit production. The following should be removed: dry or damaged branches and promote the growth of a balanced structure.
Types of pruning
- Formation pruning: In the first few years, low branches are removed and the canopy is shaped.
- Maintenance pruning: It is done annually to remove diseased branches and improve aeration.
Common Pests and Diseases
Lychee can be affected by various pests and diseases. The most common include:
- Aphids: They feed on the sap of the leaves and can weaken the plant.
- Mealybugs: They attach themselves to branches and suck out their nutrients.
- Fungi (anthracnose): Dark spots appear on leaves and fruits.
To prevent these problems, frequent monitoring and the application of organic treatments in case of infestations are recommended. It is also useful to know other tropical fruits that could share similar pests.
Harvesting and Preservation of Lychee
The lychee harvest is carried out when the fruits acquire a color deep red and their skin peels off easily. It's important not to harvest them prematurely, as they stop ripening once removed from the tree.
Storage: They can be kept refrigerated for several weeks or frozen to extend their shelf life.
Growing lychees can be a very rewarding experience if properly cared for. Ensuring suitable soil, controlled irrigation, and annual pruning are key factors for enjoying a healthy and productive tree. With patience, this exotic fruit tree will fill your garden with beauty and delicious fruit every season.
