The persimmon, also known as the kaki, is a fruit tree highly valued for its delicious orange fruit with fleshy pulp. Growing it can be an excellent option both for enjoying a homegrown harvest and for taking advantage of its high market demand. However, its proper development requires understanding its specific needs and care, which we will discuss in depth in this article.
From the importance of choosing the right variety to key aspects of climate, soil, irrigation, and pruning, we'll explain everything you need to know to successfully grow a persimmon tree. Drawing on information gathered from various sources, we'll integrate all available knowledge into a comprehensive and detailed guide so you can enjoy optimal persimmon production.
Which persimmon variety to choose?
If your goal is to obtain excellent quality persimmons, the variety Bright red is the most recommended. A common mistake is trying to grow a tree from the seed of a fruit with good flavor and size; however, the seed will only inherit 50% of that tree's genetics, while the other 50% will be unidentified, which can produce lower-quality fruit. For more information on the different options, you can check out our article on What varieties of persimmons are there?.
To ensure the quality of the fruits, the best option is the reproduction by graftingTo do this, you must first germinate seeds from any persimmon, wait until the stem reaches the appropriate thickness (around 1,5 cm in diameter), and then graft branches from a Rojo Brillante tree that produces high-quality persimmons. This method ensures that the yield is consistent with that of the parent plant.
Ideal climatic conditions for growing persimmon
The persimmon is a tree that adapts well to Mediterranean climates with mild winters and long, warm summersIts flowering occurs in spring, which helps reduce the risk of damage from late frosts.
Unlike other fruit trees such as cherries or hazelnuts, the persimmon needs only 100 hours of cold (temperatures below 7°C during winter) to flower properly. However, it also requires heat build up in summer to fully develop, so it is important that it is grown in regions with warm temperatures and a long growing season.
Soil requirements and location
Persimmon grows best in clayey soils with good drainage and rich in organic matter. Places with high humidity and waterlogged soil can jeopardize the tree's health, promoting the development of root diseases.
The best locations are areas near rivers, lakes or swamps, where the ambient humidity is adequate without being excessive. It is also essential that the tree receives good lighting and that it is protected from strong winds, since its wood is fragile and the branches can break easily, especially in autumn when they are loaded with fruit.
Adequate irrigation system
Although persimmon is drought tolerant, its production is higher under frequent and light wateringProper irrigation helps fruits reach a good size and quality.
During dry summers, it is advisable to water every 15-20 days to prevent premature leaf and fruit drop. However, it's crucial not to overdo it, as excess moisture can promote the development of root diseases.
Tree pruning and maintenance
To ensure balanced development of the tree and prevent branches from breaking due to the weight of the fruit, it is advisable to perform proper pruning:
- Formation pruning: This is done in the early years to shape the tree and promote structured growth. Three-armed vase pruning is recommended, although pyramid and palmette pruning can also be used.
- Thinning pruning: It helps to remove excess branches from inside the tree, allowing better ventilation and access to light.
- Fruit thinning: When there are a large number of persimmons on a tree, it is advisable to remove some to improve the size and quality of the remaining ones and prevent the thinner branches from breaking.
Protection against pests and diseases
Although the persimmon is a hardy tree, some pests and diseases can affect its growth and production. To avoid problems, it is recommended:
- Apply preventive treatments in spring against fungi and root diseases.
- Use sticky traps to avoid pests such as fruit fly.
- Avoid excess nitrogen in fertilization, as this can cause premature fruit drop.
Persimmon in the market and its harvest
the persimmon belongs to the Ribera del Xúquer Denomination of OriginSpain is one of the main producers. Harvesting begins in early October and must be carried out carefully to avoid damaging the fruit's skin.
To eliminate the typical astringency of persimmon, the persimmon is treated with carbon dioxide, which gives it its characteristic sweet flavor and firm pulp. Thanks to this process, the persimmon has conquered international markets, especially in Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, Italy, France and Slovakia.
Growing persimmon requires a combination of a suitable climate, good irrigation management, and specific pruning and maintenance care. By following these guidelines, it is possible to obtain healthy and productive trees that produce excellent quality fruit. Whether for personal consumption or to sell at specialized markets, planting persimmons can be a rewarding and profitable experience.