Cacti are fascinating plants that stand out for their resilience and beauty. Their great adaptability allows them to thrive in extreme conditions, from the most arid deserts to indoor environments with proper care. In this article, we will explore the main cactus species and their care, from the imposing San Pedro to the majestic saguaro.
If you've ever wanted to add cacti to your home or garden, it's important to know their specific characteristics and needs. Find out everything you need to know to grow and maintain these amazing plants in optimal conditions.
Main species of cactus
San Pedro Cactus (Echinopsis pachanoi)
El San Pedro It is a fast-growing, columnar cactus that can reach up to 7 meters in height. Its use is widespread in South America both for its ornamental properties as well as for its relevance in traditional medicine.
- Location: Prefers an exhibition of semi-shade to avoid sunburn.
- Irrigation: Moderate in summer (once a week) and monthly in winter.
- Ground: Well drained, ideally with a mixture of coarse sand and fertile soil.
Saguaro Cactus (The giant carnage)
El saguaros It is the most representative cactus of the Sonoran Desert. It can live more than 150 years and reach majestic heights greater than 12 meters.
- Location: Needs to full sun and warm temperatures.
- Irrigation: Sporadic, only when the soil is completely dry.
- Ground: Sandy and with excellent drainage to avoid flooding.
General care of cacti
Lighting and temperature
Cacti usually require abundant light, but some species prefer semi-shade environments to avoid heat stress. Indoors, place them near a window with good lighting. For more information on keeping cacti indoors, visit our guide on how to grow cactus indoors.
Irrigation
One of the most common mistakes when caring for cacti is overwatering. These plants are adapted to store water and tolerate drought, so it is key water them only when the substrate is completely dry.
Soil type
The ideal substrate should allow for a optimal drainage. You can mix cactus soil with coarse sand and volcanic stones to improve root aeration. If you want to learn more about substrate selection, we recommend reading about Choosing the ideal pot for your cactus.
Fertilization
Use specific fertilizers for cacti during spring and summer. Avoid products with too much nitrogen, as they can weaken its structure.
Disease prevention
Cacti can be affected by fungi and pests such as mealybugs. To keep them healthy, avoid excess moisture and periodically check their stems for any signs of infestation.
Cacti are an excellent choice for those looking for hardy and decorative plants. With proper care, these species can live for decades and become the center of attention in any space. Whether indoors or outdoors, their unique beauty and low maintenance requirements make them a perfect addition to gardens and homes.
