Complete guide to caring for sword fern (Nephrolepis exaltata) at home
El sword fern, scientifically known as nephrolepis high and popularly known as the Boston fern, is one of the most appreciated indoor plants thanks to its elegant, leafy, and arched appearance. It stands out not only for its great ornamental value, but also for its ease of care. adaptation and its benefits for air purification Indoors. If you're looking for a hardy, low-maintenance, pet-safe plant that will bring freshness and life to your home, the sword fern is an ideal choice.
Main characteristics of Nephrolepis exaltata
- Common name: Sword fern, Boston fern, curly fern
- Scientific name: nephrolepis high
- Family: Lomariopsidaceae
- Origin: Tropical and subtropical regions of America, Asia and Africa
- Ports: It can measure up to 1 meter in height and width, with long, arching and subdivided fronds.
- Exhibition: Indirect bright light, tolerating semi-shade
- Humidity: High humidity
- Temperature: Ideal between 16°C and 24°C, does not tolerate frost or temperatures below 10°C
- Toxicity: Non-toxic to pets
- Utility: Ornamental, decorative in hanging baskets or pots, air purifier
This species lacks flowers, fruits and seeds; its reproduction It is produced by spores or rhizome division. Its foliage is evergreen, dense, and deep green, providing year-round freshness.
Advantages and curiosities of the sword fern
- Purifying power: It is one of the most valued ferns for its ability to filter harmful substances and improve indoor air quality.
- Pet friendly plant: According to the ASPCA, this fern It is not toxic to dogs or cats, which offers peace of mind to those who live with pets.
- Great resistance: It is tolerant of occasional watering errors and less bright environments, ideal for beginners.
- Decorative versatility: It adapts to pots, hanging baskets, shelves and as a hanging plant in humid places (bathrooms or kitchens).
How to differentiate the sword fern from other similar species?
El nephrolepis high It is often confused with other species of the genus such as Nephrolepis cordataThe keys to differentiating them are:
- Leaf bearing: The sword fern displays arching fronds, while the N. cordata has more upright fronds.
- Root structure: N. cordata It develops small bulbs that store water, giving it greater resistance to drought, unlike the sword fern.
- Growing conditions: The sword fern needs humid and warm environments and is sensitive to cold, while the N. cordata It tolerates dryness better and can be planted outdoors in mild climates, propagating by rhizomes.
Essential care of the sword fern (Nephrolepis exaltata)
Light: Where to place your sword fern?
- Prefers bright, indirect light. Avoid direct sunlight, as the leaves can burn easily.
- Shade tolerance: Although it tolerates low-light areas, its growth will be slower and its fronds less dense. It doesn't thrive in overly dark locations.
- Recommendation: Place the pot near a window screened by curtains or in a bright room, avoiding direct sunlight. It's an excellent plant for bathrooms with natural light.
Temperature and location
- Optimal temperature range: Between 16°C and 24°C.
- Avoid low temperatures: It does not tolerate cold or frost. Below 10°C, the plant can suffer irreversible damage.
- Air currents: Protect from cold air and avoid placing it near stoves or dry heat sources.
- Outdoors: Only thrives in very mild, frost-free climates. It can be planted in partial shade, protected by walls or trees.
Watering: How often and how to do it right?
- Keep the substrate moist, but not waterlogged. Excess water can cause root or crown rot.
- Top irrigation: Avoid wetting the central bud; it's better to water by immersion or place the pot on a saucer of pebbles and water, without the base of the pot coming into direct contact with the water.
- Frequency: Normally, water 2 or 3 times a week in warm climates, reducing the frequency in winter (every 2-3 weeks), always checking the humidity of the substrate.
- Quality water: Preferably use water at room temperature and free of chlorine.
Humidity: The secret to a lush sword fern
- High humidity levels: It is essential for the plant to keep its fronds fresh and without dry tips.
- How to increase humidity?
- Spray the leaves regularly with water (twice a day in summer or if the environment is dry).
- You can place the pot near a humidifier or on a tray with wet stones.
- Avoid placing it in rooms with direct heating or air conditioning, as they dry out the air.
- Signs of low humidity: The tips of the leaves are turning brown. Increase humidity and remove dry leaves to promote healthy regrowth.
Substrate and transplant
- Ideal substrate: Use a light, well-drained mix rich in organic matter (all-purpose potting soil mixed with peat or compost). For more details, see Boston fern care.
- Sewer system: Add small stones or gravel to the bottom of the pot to prevent waterlogging.
- Transplant: It's recommended to repot in early spring, every 1-2 years, when the roots have filled most of the substrate. Take this opportunity to remove any dead roots and leaves.
Fertilization and fertilization
- Fertilization period: During spring and summer, fertilize once a month with liquid fertilizer for green and indoor plants, diluted to half the recommended dose.
- Avoid fertilizing in autumn and winter. The plant enters dormancy and does not need as much nutrient input.
- Signs of nutrient deficiency: Yellow leaves, poor growth, and lack of new shoots. If this occurs, fertilize gently or change the substrate.
Pruning and maintenance
- Removes dry and yellowed leaves regularly to stimulate new shoot growth and keep the plant healthy.
- Rejuvenation pruning: If the plant loses many fronds or becomes straggly, you can prune off the old fronds and leave only the healthy shoots for vigorous regrowth.
Common pest problems and solutions
The sword fern can suffer from some problems derived from poor environmental or pest management:
- Brown or dry leaves: Lack of water and moisture. Spray the foliage and keep the substrate moist.
- Pale, growthless leaves: Lack of nutrients or light. Correct the fertilization and move the plant to a brighter area.
- Dry leaf tips: Dry air from heating or air conditioning. Increases ambient humidity.
- Pests (mealybug, red spider, aphid): They appear in dry environments. Remove them manually, wash the leaves with soapy water, or use an organic insecticide in severe cases.
- Decay: Excess water or poor drainage. Let the potting soil dry and check that the pot drains properly.
Sword Fern Propagation: Cuttings, Rhizomes, and Spores
- By division: Separate clumps and shoots that have their own roots when transplanting. Plant each section in a separate pot.
- By spores: It is possible, although it is a slower method and requires a constantly humid environment. Spores appear on the underside of adult fronds.
Propagation by division is the simplest and most effective in domestic environments.
Special recommendations and tips for the best results
- Place it in a humid area: Bathrooms, kitchens, or near humidifiers are ideal places.
- Avoid sources of dry heat: Do not place the fern near radiators, stoves, or air conditioning units.
- Renew the substrate if you notice a lack of vigor or after a strong pest attack.
- Bottom irrigation: Use the pebble plate technique to prevent bud rot and keep the environment moist.
- Don't worry if it develops slowly in winter: It is a natural resting period for the plant.
- Ideal plant for beginners: The sword fern is forgiving of minor watering or lighting issues, perfect for those new to plant care.
Summary table of care for sword fern (Nephrolepis exaltata)
| Care | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Luz | Bright indirect light, avoid direct sunlight |
| Temperature | 16°C – 24°C, never less than 10°C |
| Humidity | High, spray or use tray with water |
| Irrigation | Keep the substrate moist, without flooding. |
| Substratum | Light, well-drained, rich in organic matter |
| Subscriber | Spring/summer, liquid fertilizer every 4-6 weeks |
| Pruning | Remove dry leaves regularly |
| Propagation | Division of stem or spores |
Where to buy sword fern and what to consider?
- The sword fern is extremely popular and can be found in most nurseries, florists, and gardening stores, both physical and online.
- When purchasing it, check that the leaves are green, with no brown spots or signs of dryness.
- The price varies depending on the size and type of pot; it's usually available in different formats, from small plants to large specimens. For more information on care, check out .
Frequently Asked Questions About Sword Fern
- Is it pet safe?
- Yes, the sword fern is considered non-toxic to dogs and catsTo learn more about safe plants, see tall houseplants.
- Why do the tips of the leaves dry out?
- Due to low humidity or insufficient watering. It's important to spray the leaves and keep the environment humid.
- How to save a damaged sword fern?
- Prune off any dead parts, follow the watering guidelines, and increase humidity. It will eventually sprout if the roots are healthy.
- Are there small varieties?
- Yes, there are miniature varieties ideal for small spaces or terrariums.
Additional tips based on expert experience
- Spray very often in dry climates.
- If you use a humidifier, place it near the plant.
- Transplant preferably in spring, renewing the substrate.
- Fertilize twice a month only during warm weather if you notice the plant is stagnant.
- When the fern is happy, its fronds will be arched and green, a sign of good health.
- Remove dry leaves and promote ventilation, without cold drafts.
El sword fern (Nephrolepis exaltata) It has earned its place among the most beloved indoor plants thanks to its beauty, adaptability, and environmental health benefits. Provided with humidity, indirect light, and proper watering, you can enjoy a vigorous, evergreen plant capable of creating fresh, natural spaces wherever it is placed.