The olive sector is undergoing a transformation characterized by the search for sustainable solutions and a commitment to technological innovation to improve productivity, protect the crop, and add value to the resources generated in the process. These initiatives, driven by both public administrations and the business and scientific communities, are charting a new course for the future of olive groves in Spain and other Mediterranean regions.
In recent years, numerous projects and campaigns have emerged that reflect the evolution of olive cultivation management , especially regarding pest control and the management of byproducts generated in olive and oil production. The involvement of farmers, cooperatives, research centers, and government agencies is proving crucial in addressing both the agronomic and environmental challenges associated with this crop.
Biotechnological solutions and integrated control of the olive fruit fly
Among the pests that most concern the olive sector is the olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae) , responsible for significant economic losses due to its impact on oil production and quality. To address this problem, various regions are implementing advanced monitoring and control systems , such as the monitoring network in Castilla-La Mancha, comprised of technicians from agricultural offices, plant health groups, and agricultural alert stations. Through the installation of traps, sampling, and selective treatments , the aim is to act at the opportune moment and reduce the use of pesticides, favoring biological and biotechnological alternatives whenever possible.
In the Balearic Islands, for example, the distribution of traps and the recommendation of treatments have been intensified in farms where the pest level has reached risk thresholds, especially in olive groves intended for table olives. Public aid, such as subsidies for trapping, and coordination between the different PDOs and PGIs are essential to contain the spread of the olive fruit fly and protect the local economy.
The use of drones: innovation for precision agriculture in olive groves
The province of Jaén, a world leader in olive oil production, has launched a pioneering trial using agricultural drones for the localized application of treatments against the olive fly. This initiative, coordinated by the JAV Foundation and supported by various local entities, covers nearly 200 hectares in hard-to-reach areas where the pest finds refuge. The technique used, known as patch baiting , allows for the partial and precise application of the authorized insecticide, contributing to a reduction in environmental impact and improving the competitiveness of traditional olive groves.
Agricultural drones equipped with sensors allow for monitoring and intervention in the most affected areas, streamlining the process and providing access to terrain where conventional machinery cannot operate effectively. This technology, along with sampling and tracking systems, aims for more efficient and sustainable integrated management, aligned with current environmental requirements.
Circular economy and the valorization of olive by-products: the OLIWA project
This approach to valuing by-products allows for more efficient waste management and promotes the sustainable development of the olive sector. The European project OLIWA , involving biotechnology companies such as Natac, universities, and technology centers from several Mediterranean countries, is dedicated to transforming waste generated in olive cultivation (leaves, fruit, pruning waste, and olive pomace) into high-value products, such as animal feed, bioactive additives, eco-friendly packaging, and biogas.
Innovations in this field respond to the need to promote integrated and circular management , boosting the bioeconomy and opening new sustainable business opportunities in rural areas. Extracts derived from olive biomass are in the preclinical evaluation phase, with the aim of demonstrating their potential in preventing animal diseases and improving the health of livestock.
The interdisciplinary collaboration within the OLIWA project allows for the sharing of knowledge in biotechnology, engineering, and sustainability, seeking to create a replicable model that will benefit other agri-food sectors.
The role of the olive tree in rural development, culture and gastronomy
The olive tree is much more than an economic crop. In municipalities with a long olive-growing tradition, such as Beas, or in regions like Somontano, it represents a symbol of cultural heritage, history, and landscape . The variety of oils produced in local cooperatives, recognized in national and international competitions, along with initiatives to protect monumental olive trees and promote olive oil culture, strengthen the bond between the product, the land, and the community.
Various outreach activities, tastings, sensory workshops, and talks about the legacy of centuries-old olive trees foster knowledge and appreciation of this ancient tradition. Olive culture continues to be a fundamental element of Mediterranean identity, promoting responsible consumption and the preservation of a crop that has defined the region's diet and history for centuries.
Technological adaptation , public-private collaboration and innovation are transforming the olive sector towards a more resilient, sustainable model prepared for future challenges, preserving tradition and respecting the environment in an essential balance.