The achiote tree, scientifically known as bixa orellana, is a tropical plant that has been used since ancient times for its numerous properties. It is widely cultivated in Central and South America, where it is used in gastronomy, natural medicine, and the textile industry. Its fruit contains deep red seeds that are used as a natural colorant and in the production of various products.
For those who wish to grow and care for the achiote tree in tropical areas, it is essential to understand its environmental requirements, from the amount of sunlight to the most suitable soil type. Below, we'll detail each of these aspects and the beneficial properties this plant offers.
Characteristics of the achiote tree
The achiote tree is a shrub or small tree of about 2 and 10 meters high, with a low, leafy crown. Its bark is light brown and tends to peel off in strips. Its leaves are large, deep green, and oval or heart-shaped.
The flowers of the achiote are striking, pink or white, and grow in terminal clusters. However, the most characteristic feature of this plant is its fruit, a reddish spiny capsule containing seeds coated with a coloring substance inside.
Ideal conditions for growing achiote
Luz
Annatto needs plenty of sunlight to grow healthily. It is recommended to plant it in areas where it receives direct sunlight throughout the day. Although it can tolerate some partial shade, its development will be optimal under intense lighting.
Land
This tree adapts well to different types of soil, but prefers well-drained soils, rich in organic matter. It is recommended to use sandy loam or clayey loam soils with a neutral to slightly acidic pH. Poor drainage can lead to root diseases.
Irrigation
Watering should be balanced. Although it needs a moderate humidityExcess water can cause root rot. Ideally, water the tree when the top layer of soil has dried out, approximately every 7 to 10 days, adjusting according to the weather.
Temperature and humidity
Annatto thrives in temperatures ranging from 20 ° C and 30 ° CIt's a tropical plant that doesn't tolerate extremely cold temperatures. It also requires high levels of humidity, so in dry climates, it's advisable to spray its leaves with water or use a humidifier.
Essential care for optimal growth
Pruning
Pruning is essential to maintain the health of the tree. dry branches, withered leaves and damaged flowers to promote structured growth. Pruning is also recommended to improve air circulation between its leaves.
Fertilization
The use of balanced fertilizers favors their development. It is recommended to use a product with a proportion of 14-14-14 of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Fertilization should be done monthly in spring and summer, reducing the amount in winter.
Plagues and diseases
Annatto can be affected by pests such as leaf miners and seed borersIt is also susceptible to fungal diseases such as anthracnose. To avoid these problems, it is crucial to maintain good air circulation and avoid overwatering.
In addition, it is important to know other aspects of the achiote cultivation to maximize their production and profits.
Medicinal properties and uses of achiote
Annatto seeds contain bixin and other carotenoids with antioxidant powerAmong its most notable properties are:
- Hypoglycemic properties: Helps reduce blood sugar levels.
- Digestive benefits: It is used as a natural remedy to relieve stomach discomfort and improve digestion.
- Antibacterial properties: Its extract is used to treat infections and respiratory problems.
- Strengthening of the immune system: Contains high levels of vitamin A, essential for health.
Annatto is also used in the cosmetics and food industries. In Latin American cuisine, it is a key ingredient in various recipes thanks to its ability to add color and flavor to dishes.
The achiote tree is a species that not only beautifies tropical landscapes but also has numerous medicinal, culinary, and industrial benefits. With proper care and the necessary knowledge, it can be successfully cultivated in any tropical area. If a proper balance of sunlight, humidity, fertilization, and pruning is maintained, this tree can offer multiple benefits and become a valuable source of natural resources.
