Introduction to the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms
El common mushroom, scientifically known as Agaricus bisporusMushrooms are one of the most cultivated and consumed mushrooms worldwide. Their popularity is due to their flavor and versatility in the kitchen. Growing mushrooms at home can seem challenging, but with the right information, it's an accessible and rewarding process. In this article, we'll explain how to grow them. Agaricus bisporus, from substrate preparation to final harvest.
History of Agaricus bisporus
El Agaricus bisporus It has been part of gastronomy for centuries, being used for the first time in French cuisine in the early 20th century. Initially known as the Paris mushroomThis mushroom has gained a prominent place in global cuisine due to its mild flavor and meaty texture.
Requirements for growing mushrooms
To start growing Agaricus bisporus, it is important to gather the following elements:
- A container or box: This should be suitable for planting substrate. Wooden or plastic containers work well.
- Substratum: The ideal substrate for growing mushrooms should be rich in nutrients. A mixture of is commonly used manure, straw and peat. You can learn more about how to prepare substrates for different crops and optimize your results.
- Mycelium: It is essential to obtain grain mycelium, which is the part of the fungus that reproduces and will grow in the substrate.
- Environmental conditions: An controlled temperature across 12 and 14 degrees Celsius and a humidity of the 75-80% They are essential for the growth of the mushroom.
Steps to grow Agaricus bisporus
Substrate preparation
Substrate preparation is a critical part of the growing process. You should follow these steps:
- Mix the manure and straw in a container, making sure it is well combined.
- Boil the mixture to sterilize it and eliminate possible contaminants.
- Once cooled, transfer the substrate to your chosen container.
Inoculation of the substrate with mycelium
Once the substrate has been prepared, it is time to inoculate it:
- When the substrate is at a adequate temperature (around 20-25 degrees Celsius), add the mycelium evenly over the surface of the substrate.
- Cover the mycelium with a thin layer of peat to retain moisture.
- Keep the substrate covered and humidity controlled until the mycelium begins to colonize the substrate, which may take 7 to 14 days.
Growing conditions
Ideal conditions for growing mushrooms include:
- Temperature: Between 12 and 18 degrees Celsius during growth.
- Humidity: Maintain a humidity level of 75-80%, using sprayers to moisten the substrate without soaking it.
- Darkness: Mushrooms prefer to grow in the dark, so it is important to cover the container during this stage.
Fruiting and care
Once the mycelium has colonized the substrate, you must stimulate fruiting:
- Uncover the container to allow some light and ventilation.
- Maintain moisture continuously, ensuring that the substrate does not dry out.
- Controls the temperature, preventing it from exceeding the 20 degrees Celsius.
Mushroom picking
Harvesting is the most exciting part of growing. You should follow these steps:
- Mushrooms are ready to be harvested when their caps are well formed, but before they open completely.
- To harvest, you must gently turn the mushroom, trying not to damage the mycelium that remains in the substrate.
- Store mushrooms in a cool, dark place to prolong their freshness.
Plagues and diseases
Mushroom cultivation is not without its problems. Common pests include:
- Red spider: It can damage the mycelium and disrupt mushroom growth.
- Mold: It can arise in conditions of high humidity, causing damage to the substrate and mushrooms.
- Insects: Like beetles, which can bore into the cap of mushrooms.
More common diseases
Diseases that affect mushrooms include:
- Bacterial spot: It manifests as sticky spots on the mushrooms.
- Dry bubble: It can cause deformations and decay of mushrooms.
Useful tips for cultivation
Below are some important tips to maximize the success of your crop:
- Disinfection: Keep all equipment and hands clean before starting cultivation.
- Monitoring: Continuously monitors temperature and humidity conditions.
- Pay attention to the signs: If you notice unusual changes in growth, check the environmental conditions and the condition of the substrate.
Mushroom farming isn't just about harvesting a delicious food; it's also a rewarding activity that can educate people about the biology and life cycle of fungi. The satisfaction of caring for these organisms and watching them grow is unparalleled. Plus, growing your own mushrooms can be a fun and productive way to spend your time.