El Agave attenuata, also known as the gooseneck agave, dragon's tail agave, lion's tail agave, smooth agave, or hummingbird agave, is one of the most prized succulent plants in both home gardening and professional landscaping. Its combination of hardiness, low maintenance, and ornamental appeal makes it an ideal choice for dry gardens, urban spaces, bright interiors, or areas at risk of drought. Its uniqueness lies in its elegant appearance, soft, fleshy leaves, and its ability to survive for long periods without water.
Characteristics of Agave attenuata
- Origin and family: It is native to Mexico and belongs to the Asparagaceae family, subfamily Agavoideae, which includes more than 300 recognized species of agaves.
- Size and bearing: A succulent plant that grows in rosettes and can reach a diameter of 1 to 1,5 meters and a height of between 60 and 90 centimeters, although the stem can reach up to 1,5 meters in length in adult specimens.
- Sheets: Wide, fleshy, pale green to grayish colorThey are characterized by completely smooth edges and a complete absence of thorns, which distinguishes this species from other agaves and makes it safe for transit areas, children's gardens, or spaces with pets.
- Inflorescence: When the plant matures, the central rosette produces a spectacular arching flower spike, called a quiote, which can reach 2-4 meters in height. Its flowers are pale greenish yellow and are grouped in very striking, voluminous bunches.
- Longevity: It is a slow-growing perennial plant that can live between 10 and 15 years under optimal conditions.
- Resistance: Able to withstand long periods of drought thanks to its ability to store water in its leaves. It tolerates high temperatures and arid environments but is sensitive to intense or prolonged frost.
Types of agave and differences with Agave attenuata
- Blue agave (Agave tequilana): Used in the production of tequila, long, bluish leaves with spiny edges.
- Agave americano: Large size, wider leaves, presence of thorns, tolerant to low temperatures, ornamental.
- Agave victoriae-reginae: Compact, very ornamental, short, thick, dark green leaves with white edges.
- Agave attenuata: La only thornless variety, soft leaves, light green, ideal for urban gardens and low-maintenance spaces. For more information on other varieties, you can visit our section types of echeveria.
Each species has unique adaptations, but Agave attenuata is highly valued for its safety and attractiveness. Cultivars also exist, such as Agave attenuata 'Ray of Light' o 'New', with variations in the coloration of the leaves.
Complete care guide for Agave attenuata
This species stands out for its low water requirement and its adaptability to different light conditions, making it an excellent alternative for those looking for a decorative and easy-to-manage plant.
location and light
- Exterior: Prefer full sun, which promotes vigorous growth and more intense leaf coloring. In areas with very strong sunlight, especially during heat waves, it can benefit from exposure to partial shade to avoid sunburn, especially if it has been grown indoors or in a greenhouse and is being transplanted outdoors. For more details, see our guide on Care of Agave attenuata, a drought-resistant plant.
- Interior: If grown in a pot, choose very bright areas, such as next to large windows or balconies. The lack of direct light can cause the leaves to become softer and the color to become duller.
Temperature and climatology
- Optimal range: Between 20 and 28 ºC. Withstands high summer temperatures.
- Sensitivity to cold: It tolerates occasional drops close to 0°C or slightly lower, but it does not survive continuous frost or sustained temperatures below zero. In temperate to warm climates, it can be kept outdoors year-round. If there is a risk of frost, protect the plant or move it indoors.
- Humidity: Adapted to low humidity but can also thrive well in coastal or more humid environments as long as there is good drainage.
Irrigation
- Upon request: Agave attenuata is very drought-resistant. It's better to underwater than overwater. Let the substrate dry completely before watering again. For more information, you can visit our article on plants with thorns and care.
- Frequency: In summer, water every 15-20 days or when the soil feels loose and dry to the touch. In winter, reduce watering even further (even every 4 weeks, or stop if the weather is humid or the plant is resting).
- Risks: Excess water is the main enemy (it causes root rot). In pots, apply enough to moisten the substrate, allowing 10% of the applied water volume to drain.
Soil type and transplant
- Main requirement: Very well-drained soil and slightly sandy or stony. For advice on suitable substrates, see also xerophytic plants and their maintenance.
- Recommended homemade preparation: 50% universal substrate, 30% coconut fiber or perlite, and 20% river sand. This type of mix prevents waterlogging and provides good oxygen to the roots.
- Avoid: Heavy, compacted or clayey soils that retain moisture for too long.
- Transplant: Repot if the plant runs out of space (less than a finger's width between the rim of the container and the base of the rosette). Do this at any time of year, but preferably in spring or summer. For helpful tips, visit our guide on the Canary Islands dragon tree.
- How to transplant: Carefully remove the soil and clean the old soil from the roots. Place it in a slightly larger pot and fill with the recommended soil. Water gently for the first time.
Fertilization and fertilization
- Low needs: It does not usually need fertilizers. You can apply specific fertilizer for succulents or cacti slow-release at the beginning of spring. More information at passion for succulents.
- Solid fertilizers: A monthly application during the growing season (spring and summer) is more than sufficient. Prefer fertilizers with a 2-1-2,5 NPK balance and magnesium and micronutrients.
- Liquid fertilizers: Only if you want faster development or the plant shows symptoms of deficiency.
Pruning and maintenance
- Pruning: It's usually not necessary. Remove only the basal leaves that turn brown or dry, using clean, sharp tools.
- Maintenance: It's a low-maintenance plant. Inspect it periodically for pests or disease symptoms.
Pests and diseases in Agave attenuata
Although Agave attenuata is hardy, it can be affected by pests and diseases if conditions are not optimal:
Frequent pests
- Mealybugs (Dactylopius coccus, Coccid spp): They form white cottony masses or pustules on leaves and stems. They weaken the plant and cause it to lose vigor and color.
- Agave weevil (Scyphophorus acupunctatus): It attacks the base of the plant by laying eggs. The larvae can cause the plant to collapse.
- Cactus beetle (Moneilema gigas): It can feed on the margins of leaves, although it is more common in cacti.
Prevention and control: Keep the plant well-ventilated, avoid excess moisture, and monitor for possible symptoms. For mealybugs, use potassium soap, mild vinegar solutions, hydrogen peroxide, or dish soap. Then clean up any remaining residue with alcohol and a cloth. For weevils and beetles, use natural insecticides such as pyrethrins according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Common illnesses
- Root rot: Usually caused by overwatering or poor drainage, the plant appears soft, yellow, or collapsed.
- Anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp): Fungus that causes lesions on leaves and stems; a reddish or orange spore mass may be visible in active lesions.
- Pythium, Fusarium, Erwinia: They attack roots and bases in high humidity, producing necrosis and rot quickly.
- Bacterial necrosis: It occurs in very humid environments. It causes dark, soft stains and a bad odor.
Key tip: Prevention is the best defense against these diseases. Use well-drained substrate, avoid wetting the leaves and reduce watering in cold and humid environments.
Flowering and reproductive cycle
- Flowering: The Agave attenuata flowers only once in its life, after many years (it can be over 10 years old). When it does, it develops a quiote or spectacular, arching flowering stalk, up to 4 meters tall, with clusters of flowers greenish yellow or pale whiteFor more details about your cycle, also check out agave parryi.
- Fruit: After flowering, it produces oval fruits that, when ripe, turn brown, split open and release the seeds.
- Post-flowering: Normally the rosette that has flowered dies, but the plant usually produces numerous suckers at the base that continue the life cycle.
Multiplication and propagation
- By children: This is the easiest and quickest method. When the mother plant produces lateral shoots, they can be separated with a clean knife during the growing season. It's a good idea to let the cut heal for a few days before planting in dry, well-drained soil. Also, if you want to expand your knowledge, we recommend visiting mountain maguey.
- By seeds: It is possible, but it requires patience; fresh seeds germinate easily if sown shallowly in moist, sandy soil, in warm temperatures and partial shade.
Uses of Agave attenuata in gardening and decoration
- Xerophytic gardens: Perfect for low-maintenance gardens with efficient irrigation systems.
- Rockeries and desert gardens: It contrasts very well with cacti and other succulents.
- Urban and transit gardens: The thornless leaves are suitable for areas where children or pets pass by.
- flower arrangements: The dried inflorescence is used in decorative compositions.
- Pots and containers: Due to its elegance and drought tolerance, it is excellent for terraces and balconies as long as it receives sufficient light.
Additional Tips for a Healthy Agave attenuata
- Pot rotation: If growing indoors, rotate the pot every couple of months to ensure all leaves receive light and prevent uneven growth.
- Spacing: If you plant several plants close together, allow enough space for the rosettes to develop and allow for air circulation. For sustainable garden ideas, check out .
- Don't overuse the fertilizer: Excess fertilizer can cause excessive growth and weaken the plant against disease.
- Avoid injuries: Although it's spineless, the leaves can break if handled excessively. Wear gloves to avoid irritation from the sap.
- Check drainage: Always make sure the pots have holes in the bottom and that excess water can drain easily.
Common mistakes when caring for Agave attenuata
- Excessive watering: This is the most common mistake. Remember that they prefer drought to excess water.
- Inappropriate substrate: Do not use heavy or compacted soils, as they can cause rot.
- Lack of light: Low light reduces the vitality and coloration of the plant.
- Do not protect against frost: Although it tolerates light cold, a hard frost can severely damage the plant.
- Failure to monitor pests: An infestation can go unnoticed until it's too late.
El Agave attenuata It's a gem in the world of succulents. Its drought resistance, low maintenance, and unique appearance make it one of the best options for those seeking an evergreen, elegant, and effortlessly sustainable garden. By integrating these care guidelines and recommendations, your agave will look healthy and vigorous for years, providing an exotic and contemporary touch to any space.
