Introduction to Ficus microcarpa bonsai cultivation
El Ficus microcarp, Also known as ficus retusa, is one of the favorites in the practice of bonsai, both for its resistance y adaptability as well as for the attractiveness of its aerial roots and small, shiny leaves. It belongs to the family moraceae and is naturally distributed in regions tropical from all continents, mainly in Eastern AsiaIts versatility and vigor make it ideal for both amateurs and experts.
Main features and symbolism
Among the main features Ficus microcarpa's aerial roots, oval, shiny leaves, and smooth, light-grey bark, sometimes mottled in some varieties such as "Tigerbark", stand out. In the art of bonsai, these attributes allow for the development of a variety of styles, from straight formal to waterfall o forestIts growth is slow, but it allows for exceptional longevity, with a potted specimen able to live for several decades while maintaining its healthy and compact appearance.
In the practice of Feng Shui, the Ficus microcarpa symbolizes prosperity y longevity, which is why it is usually recommended to place it in favorable areas of the home to enhance positive energy and vital balance.
Location, temperature and humidity requirements
The Ficus microcarpa is a indoor bonsai par excellence, although it can live outdoors in mild climates, especially during the warm season. It does not tolerate frost. nor extreme cold, and should be kept indoors when the temperatures descend, especially below 12-15°C.
- Luz: It needs plenty of natural light, preferably indirect. Too much direct sunlight can burn its leaves, while the lack of light slows down its development and weakens the tree.
- Humidity: Although it can withstand periods of low humidity, it develops better in humid environments. Facilitate the emergence of aerial roots by using a homemade greenhouse, fish tank, or clear plastic cover to increase ambient humidity.
- Location: Place the bonsai near windows facing east or west, where it receives filtered light, avoiding drafts and sudden changes in temperature.
Irrigation and humidity
El irrigation is one of the keys to the success of Ficus microcarpa bonsai. The substrate must be maintained damp, but never waterlogged. It is vital to check the soil moisture by inserting a finger into the top layer: if it is dry up to the second finger, it is time to water generously. During the warm season, you can supplement with a tray of stones and water under the pot (without the roots touching the water) to increase the ambient humidity. Avoid watering after frost or when there is a risk of very low temperatures, as this can cause damage in the roots.
Avoid spraying frequently except in very low humidity conditions, as this can promote the growth of fungi on the leaves. If necessary, apply a preventative fungicide.
Substrate and transplant
El ideal substrate It should be light, with excellent moisture retention capacity and good drainage. A specific bonsai mix is usually recommended, supplemented with gross sand and perlite. The transplant It is done every 1-3 years, preferably in spring before the start of growth, trimming part of the roots to maintain the size and vigor of the tree. A mixture with a high peat content can cause enfermedades due to excess humidity; also pay attention to excess lime, which can cause yellow, weak leaves due to iron absorption problems.
Fertilization
During the growing season (spring and summer) it is essential to fertilize the bonsai regularly, preferably every 2-4 weeks with balanced liquid fertilizer or using slow-release organic tablets on the surface of the substrate. Reduce the frequency in autumn and winter, when the tree slows down your metabolism. You should never fertilize after a transplant, wait until the tree has put out new shoots.
Pruning, pinching and defoliation
La pruning of branches and roots is carried out during the transplant period, while the pinched of new shoots is carried out in the warm season to compress the cup and improve branching. The defoliated Partial or total pruning in late spring or early summer helps reduce leaf size and stimulate the sprouting of new branches. During pruning, the Ficus microcarpa exudes latex, which facilitates wound healing. Always use paste sealer in large cuts to protect the health of the tree.
Wiring and training styles
El wiring It can be done almost all year round except after transplanting. Ficus microcarpa tolerates wire well thanks to the flexibility from its branches. It is necessary to protect the bark and monitor the marking of the wire, removing it in time. The most common styles are the informal straight (moyogui), multiple trunk, cascade and on rock. If you want to induce aerial roots, surround the branches with wet sphagnum moss and plastic film to stimulate their appearance.
Common pests and diseases
Ficus microcarpa is robust against pests, but can be affected by mealybugs, mites y mushrooms, especially in dry or poorly ventilated environments. Regularly check the undersides of leaves and bark. For light infestations, use neem oil o potassium soapFor more advanced cases, use specific insecticides. Improve ventilation and light to prevent disease spread.
Multiplication and special techniques
La multiplication It is simple and efficient through spring semi-ripe wood cuttings, air layering or seeds. Ficus microcarpa also shows an exceptional capacity for fusion trunks and roots, allowing several specimens to be joined together to form a single, thick, and spectacular trunk. It also responds well to approximation and root grafts, useful for correcting defects or closing large wounds.
Varieties and related species
- Ficus retusa (Ficus microcarpa L.)
- Ficus panda (variety of Ficus microcarpa L.)
- Fig tree (Ficus carica L.)
- Ficus benjamina L. (dwarf ficus)
- Ficus nerifolia (Ficus neriifolia Sm. or Ficus salicifolia)
- Ficus religiosa L. (Buddha tree)
- Kin-men (Ficus microphylla)
- Ficus superba
- Ficus nataliensis (South African fig)
- Ficus buxifolia
- Ficus deltoidea
- Ficus diversifolia
For its resistance, adaptability, beauty and symbolism, the Ficus microcarpa bonsai It is one of the most recommended for those who wish to begin or delve deeper into the art of bonsai, bringing a touch of living nature and balance to both homes and workplaces.
