The cabbage They are one of the most cold-resistant vegetables, which makes them a star crop for autumn and winter. Their sowing and germination Growing is easy if you follow certain important steps and consider the specific characteristics of each variety. In this article, you'll discover how to achieve optimal growth from seedbed to transplant, covering cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, kale, Brussels sprouts, mizuna, and mustard, among others.
Cabbage varieties and planting time
Within the family of the Brassicaceae We find a wide variety of cabbages, each with its own particularities: cabbage (white and red cabbage), cauliflower, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, romanesque, Chinese cabbage (hakusay), pak choy, mizuna, mustard and more. The sowing season will depend on the species, but most are sown in seedbeds between late summer and early fall, taking advantage of the mild temperaturesIt's essential to choose varieties suited to the season and local climate to ensure a good harvest.
Preparing the seedbed and substrate
Cabbage reproduces by seeds, so it is advisable to start in hotbed before transplanting to its final location. Use alveolar trays or small pots between 6 and 10 centimeters in diameter. It is advisable to use a special substrate for seeds, preferably fine and with a good proportion of perlite, which guarantees humidity and good drainage.
- Make sure the substrate is moist before sowing.
- Make a small hole about 1-2 cm deep using a toothpick or pencil.
- Place between one and three seeds per alveolusIf the seeds are more than two years old, plant two and select the strongest seedling after germination.
- Lightly cover the seeds with a thin layer of substrate (no more than half a centimeter).
Optimal germination conditions
Keep the seedbeds in a hot and humid environment, ideally at temperatures between 15 and 20°C. If the climate is cold, you can cover the tray with clear plastic or place it in a mini greenhouse to maintain constant humidity and temperature. Avoid excessive heat, as temperatures above 30°C decrease germination rates. Always use fresh, chlorine-free water to water, applying a fine rain so as not to move the seeds.
Seeds usually germinate in 10 to 20 daysDuring this period, the substrate must remain moist but not flooded, since excess water can lead to the appearance of mushrooms.
First care and transplant
When the first cotyledons sprout, it is important to gradually expose the seedbeds to natural light to prevent weak and elongated stem growth. Once the seedlings have two true leaves, choose the strongest and eliminate the others. When they reach between three to five pairs of true leaves (not counting the cotyledons), and approximately 10/15 cm tall, they will be ready to be transplanted. The stem should be about the thickness of a pencil for successful transplanting.
- Prepare the final ground with organic material, such as mature compost or well-rotted manure.
- If the soil is acidic, apply a light liming.
- Keep a separation of 40 to 80 cm between plants and 60 to 80 cm between lines, depending on the variety and adult size.
- Add mulch to retain moisture and protect during the first few days after transplanting.
Diseases and prevention
Cabbage can be affected by diseases such as hernia of the cabbage (a fungus that deforms the roots) and the would alternate (fungi that cause black spots). To prevent them, rotate crops during 7-8 years In the same plot, ensure well-drained soil and avoid excess moisture. Choose varieties resistant whenever possible. Also, if you want to learn more about how to prevent pests and diseases, check out our article on How to harvest Brussels sprouts.
Patience and following these tips are key to achieving good harvests in your urban or traditional garden. The reward: an abundance of healthy cabbage, rich in antioxidants and polyphenols, ready to nourish and brighten your table during the cold months.