Citronella It is one of the most valued plants in gardening, traditional medicine, and natural perfumery, thanks to its unmistakable lemony aroma, its repellent properties, and its many health and environmental applications.
Native to the warm and humid regions of South and Southeast Asia, especially in India and Sri Lanka, citronella belongs to the genus cymbopogonThere are about 50 species recognized, although the most popular for their medicinal and aromatic use are the Cymbopogon nardus (Ceylon citronella), Lemongrass winterianus (Java citronella) and lemongrass or Cymbopogon citratus, also known as lemongrass.
What is citronella? Botanical properties and characteristics
La citronella essence candles is a perennial herbaceous plant of the grass family. It is characterized by its long, ribbon-like leaves, bright green or glaucous green, which can reach up to 1,5 meters highThe stem is stiff and upright, and the texture of its leaves is almost papery. Its aroma is fresh, penetrating, and strongly reminiscent of lemon, although it can have sweeter or milder nuances depending on the species.
The most commonly used varieties, such as Cymbopogon nardus y Lemongrass winterianus, contain essential oils in high concentrations. These oils are responsible for their repellent and medicinal properties. The name "citronella" comes from its distinctive citrus scent.
In addition to its medicinal properties, citronella is appreciated in perfumery, aromatherapy y natural cosmetics for the freshness it provides and its deodorant action.
Among the common names by which citronella is known are: lemongrass, lemon grass, lemongrass, lemongrass.
Main varieties of lemongrass
- Cymbopogon nardus: known as Ceylon citronella, used in perfumery and in the production of essential oils.
- Lemongrass winterianus: Java citronella, especially appreciated for its high content of essential oils and intense aroma.
- Cymbopogon citratus: lemongrass, used as a culinary condiment and for infusions.
- Cymbopogon flexuosus: with a strong lemon aroma, resistant to mild frost, with similar applications in perfumery and insect repellent.
- Cymbopogon martini (Palmarosa): a more floral aroma, used mainly in cosmetics.
- Cymbopogon ambiguus: called Australian citronella, bluish leaves, resistant to dry and cold climates.
- Cymbopogon bombycinus: originally from Australia, used for body creams and oils but not as a repellent.
Smell and taste: a natural hallmark
El intense lemon aroma The citronella scent is not only the basis of its popularity, but also the reason for its penetrating repellent action. This smell is due to compounds such as citral, citronellol, limonene, geraniol, eugenol and nerol.
The fresh and citrus flavor makes it a natural sugar substitute in infusions and desserts. In some regions, such as the Canary Islands, its consumption is recommended for people with diabetes.
Its aroma not only repels insects: it also creates an atmosphere and purifies spaces, providing a feeling of cleanliness and freshness.
Main uses of citronella
- Natural insect repellent: Citronella is known worldwide for its effectiveness against mosquitoes and other insects. It is used in essential oils, candles, diffusers, incense, room sprays, bracelets, and lotions.
- Room freshener: Its citrus aroma is ideal for perfuming the home and eliminating unpleasant odors. It's used in reed diffusers, candles, car air fresheners, and scented sachets.
- In perfumery and cosmetics: It is a common ingredient of soaps, shampoos, deodorants, lotions, creams and personal care products, taking advantage of both its fragrance and its antiseptic and antifungal qualities.
- Infusions and culinary uses: Its chopped or dried leaves are used in infusions, teas, soups and sauces. It gives a refreshing touch and helps digestion.
- In aromatherapy: Citronella oil is used in massages, diffusers and relaxing baths, to relieve muscle pain, stress and promote concentration.
- Agricultural and ornamental use: In addition to its value as a garden plant due to its leafy appearance, can help control pests in orchards and crops.
Benefits and medicinal properties of citronella
It stands out especially for its rich in essential oil content, which is valued in herbal medicine and aromatherapy. Its main virtues include:
- Antiseptic and bactericidal: Fights skin infections and helps stop digestive infections such as Helicobacter pylori. For more information on its use at home, you can consult the article on insecticide for plants.
- Antifungal: Prevents fungal development and is useful in skin conditions.
- Digestive and antispasmodic: Relaxes the gastric muscles and is ally against spasms, heartburn, bloating and poor digestion. It can relieve symptoms of ulcers and gastritis.
- Analgesic and anti-inflammatory: Reduces muscle, joint, rheumatic pain, lumbago, migraines and bruises.
- Diuretic and purifying: It helps eliminate toxins, promotes kidney function and combats fluid retention.
- Calming, relaxing and anxiolytic: The presence of myrcene and other compounds gives citronella a relaxing effect on the nervous system, helping to reduce stress and insomnia and improve mood.
- Tonic and stimulant: Its essential oils stimulate vitality, combat mental fatigue and promote concentration.
- Natural cosmetics: It's used to treat oily skin, acne, wrinkles, fine lines, and chapped lips. It also reduces excessive sweating.
How to take advantage of its medicinal properties?
- Digestive infusion: Steep one teaspoon of fresh or dried leaves per cup of boiling water for one minute. Let it steep and drink after meals to relieve stomach discomfort and refresh.
- Remedy for gastric spasms and discomfort: It can be combined with other herbs such as chamomile, mint, plantain, and yarrow. Boil the mixture, strain, and drink after meals.
- Essential oil: It is widely used for massages for muscle or joint pain, as a topical repellent (always diluted), and as a disinfectant for bites. It can also be applied to the temples and neck for migraines.
- Natural perfume and deodorant: A few drops in the bathroom or on clothes help eliminate odors and provide freshness.
Precautions and contraindications
- Pure essential oil should not be ingested., as it may cause gastric discomfort or disturbances. It should be diluted for topical and aromatic applications.
- Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding without medical supervision.
- May cause dermatitis or irritation in sensitive individuals; prior skin allergy testing is recommended.
- Citronella is toxic to dogs and cats.: Ingestion may cause digestive and neurological problems. Keep away from pets.
- Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes.
Growing and caring for citronella
Growing citronella is simple if you take into account its specific needs of light, temperature, irrigation and protection. It can be planted both in a pot as in a garden, always in places protected from the wind and with high sun exposure. For proper maintenance, you can also consult the article on How to prune citronella geranium.
- Light: Requires direct sun exposure for most of the day. In mild climates, it can be kept outdoors; in colder climates, it's best to keep it indoors next to a bright window.
- Temperature: It is sensitive to intense cold and frost. It tolerates average to warm temperatures best. It begins to suffer below 8°C, and some varieties can tolerate temperatures as low as 0°C.
- Irrigation: irrigation should be regular and moderateThe soil should always be slightly moist but without puddlesIt is recommended to water about 3 times a week in summer and 1 to 2 times in winter, adjusting according to the climate and the drainage of the substrate.
- Substratum: It prefers loose, rich, and well-drained soil. Excess water can cause root rot.
- Pruning and maintenance: Remove dead leaves and prune lightly to stimulate growth. Leaves tend to lose more in the fall.
- Sowing: Seeds are best sown between March and July. It can also be propagated by dividing mature plants.
- Protection: It is advisable to protect the base with mulch or move the pot indoors on cold nights.
La citronella reaches its optimal development It grows to a height of one meter, and its leaves can reach 70 centimeters. Plants and seeds can be found in nurseries, specialty stores, and gardening fairs. In small spaces, such as balconies and terraces, it is a functional and aesthetic ornamental option.
Household applications and citronella products
- Scented candles: They release the scent of citronella and help repel mosquitoes on terraces, gardens, and indoor spaces.
- Air fresheners and reed diffusers: Ideal for perfuming rooms and vehicles.
- Incense and sticks: They neutralize odors and create fresh environments.
- Bracelets and sprays: Practical applications to take insect protection anywhere.
- Various cosmetic products: Shampoos, soaps, gels and creams rich in citronella essential oil.
Currently, there are dozens of commercially available formulations, from 100% pure essential oils to candles, diffusers, sprays, bracelets, gels, and pet products. It's always advisable to purchase certified products, read labels, and perform tolerance tests on sensitive skin.
La citronella essence candles represents a natural alternative to repellency, environmental freshness and well-being For the home and for health. Its versatility, easy care, and multiple applications make it an essential plant in both urban gardens and homes looking for eco-friendly and effective alternatives.
