The fruit trees These are plants cultivated around the world not only for their productivity, but also for their beauty and the benefits they provide to the environment. These trees not only provide us with delicious and nutritious fruits, but they also help beautify our gardens and contribute to biodiversity.
If you want to grow your own fruit tree, it is important to choose the right species for your climate conditions, available space, and the amount of sunlight they will receive. In this article, we will explore the different types of fruit trees, its classification, characteristics, and necessary care to ensure its proper development.
Classification of fruit trees
Fruit trees can be classified in a variety of ways, including:
- By type of fruit: Fruit trees are divided into those that produce fruits with pips (such as apple and pear trees), With bone (such as cherry and peach trees) and nuts (such as almond and hazelnut trees).
- Due to its climatic requirements: This classification refers to the need for fruit trees to grow in different climates, whether cold, temperate, mediterranean o tropicalTo learn more about this, visit Choosing fruit tree species according to the climate.
- By the form of cultivation: Trees can be grown in soils or in pots, which is ideal for those with limited space.
Main types of fruit trees
Below are some of the most popular types of fruit trees that can be grown:
Cherry (Prunus avium)
El cerezo It is known for its beautiful flowers as well as its juicy fruit. There are several varieties, from sweet cherry trees to ornamental cherry trees that only produce flowers. Their harvest season is in spring and summer, and they are ideal for temperate climates.
Apple tree (Malus domestica)
El manzano It is one of the most popular and cultivated fruit trees in the world. With more than 7,500 varieties, is appreciated for its ease of cultivation. Apple trees can tolerate low temperatures and require moderate watering. Their fruits can be harvested from late summer to autumn. To improve their cultivation, you can consult how to water fruit trees.
Lemon tree (Citrus limon)
The lemon trees They are ideal for warm, sunny climates. They produce fruit year-round and are highly valued for their use in cooking. They need protection from the cold and require well-drained, nutrient-rich soils. If you're interested, find out more about exotic fruit trees.
Orange tree (Citrus sinensis)
El Orange tree It's another highly prized citrus tree. It produces sweet, juicy fruits. It adapts well to different climates and requires constant irrigation. Pruning is essential to maintain its health and productivity.
Mandarin (Citrus reticulata)
El tangerine It is known for its small size and ease of cultivation. It requires plenty of sun and a temperate climate. The fruits are highly valued, especially by children, as they are easy to peel and eat.
Plum (Prunus domestica)
The plum trees They produce a variety of plums that are delicious fresh or preserved. These trees adapt well to temperate climates and require moderate care. Consult how to graft fruit trees for better results.
General care of fruit trees
To ensure your fruit trees grow strong and healthy, it is essential to pay attention to several factors:
- Sunlight: Most fruit trees require between 6 and 8 hours of sunlight direct to the day
- Irrigation: Make sure you water properly, without flooding the soil. Drip irrigation is ideal.
- Pruning: Regular pruning is important to remove dead branches and improve fruit production.
- Pest control: Keep an eye on your trees to detect pests or diseases and respond quickly with appropriate treatments.
Common diseases in fruit trees
Fruit trees can be affected by a variety of diseases. Some of the most common include:
- Aphids: They weaken the tree and affect its yield. They can be controlled by preventing ants from accessing the tree.
- Caterpillars: They can devour foliage. It is advisable to use specific insecticides for their control.
- Gums: It occurs when resin builds up on the trunk due to fungi. Good drainage is essential to prevent it.
Advantages of growing fruit trees
Growing fruit trees is not only beneficial for the environment, but also for our lives. Some of the benefits include:
- Fresh food production: Growing your own fruit ensures quality and flavor without chemicals.
- Economy: You'll save money by picking your own fruit instead of buying it at the supermarket.
- Biodiversity: By planting fruit trees you help maintain the ecological balance in your environment.
Tips for growing fruit trees in pots
If you don't have a lot of space, growing in pots can be an excellent option:
- Use large pots to allow good root growth.
- Choose a suitable substrate, rich in nutrients and allowing good drainage.
- Be sure to water frequently, especially during the hot months.
Bio-fertilizer and its effect on fruit trees
Use a bio-fertilizer It is essential to improve soil quality and the growth of fruit trees:
- Guano: It helps increase soil biodiversity and provides essential nutrients.
- Organic fertilizer: Strengthens the root system and improves moisture retention. You can also inquire about ecological fertilizers for fruit trees.
By planting with awareness and care, you can enjoy the fruits of your labor while beautifying your surroundings and contributing to the well-being of the planet. We invite you to explore the different varieties of fruit trees and choose those that best suit your needs and preferences, ensuring a successful and sustainable crop.
