El common cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), also known as Italian cypress or cemetery cypress, is an emblematic tree of the family Cupressaceae which stands out for its elegant appearance and great resistance. It is evergreen and native to the Mediterranean basin, but today it is widely distributed in gardens, parks and cemeteries in multiple regions of the northern hemisphere. Its longevity and adaptability making it one of the most appreciated conifers for ornamental and functional uses.
Characteristics of the common cypress (Cupressus sempervirens)
- Height and shape: You can reach a height between 25 and 30 meters, although under ideal conditions, specimens reaching nearly 35 meters have been recorded. Its crown is typically compact, columnar, and narrow, which lends verticality to the landscape.
- Sheets: Presents scaly leaves, about 5 mm long, densely clustered on rounded or slightly flattened branches. Their color is matte dark green, they lack resin glands and give off a resinous aroma when rubbed.
- Trunk and bark: The trunk is straight, with thin bark that changes color as it ages. It is a tree with great longevity, reaching overcome several hundred years.
- Flowers and fruits: It is a monoecious species, with male flowers (cylindrical, yellow, 4-8 mm) and female flowers that form rounded axillary cones of 2-3 cm; these woody fruits ripen and pass from green to brown or reddish, containing small, irregular seeds.
Main types and varieties of cypress trees
- Cupressus sempervirens var. pyramidalis: The classic pyramidal cypress with vertical branches and a very compact appearance.
- Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis: It has more open and horizontal branches.
- Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizonica): Very resistant, bluish in color, ideal for dry and sunny areas.
- Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa): Recommended for coastal gardens due to its tolerance to salinity.
- Chamaecyparis lawsoniana: Very ornamental, with blue-green foliage and a pyramidal crown.
- Cupressus sempervirens 'Fastigiata', 'Totem', 'Stricta': Selections with an even narrower and more elegant appearance.
Ornamental and practical uses of the common cypress
El common cypress It is mainly used in open spaces, gardens and cemeteries for its ornamental value and its symbolism of eternity and hospitality. In addition, it is common in the formation of hedges, windbreaks and as a space delimiter. Its wood, valued for its resistance to moisture, has been used in carpentry, sculpture, cabinetmaking and even in the naval industry.
Some traditions associated the cypress with protection and immortality, which is why they were planted near temples and cemeteries.
Essential care for the common cypress
- Solar exposition: It requires abundant natural light, preferably direct sunlight, to maintain dense, healthy foliage. It tolerates semi-shade, although it thrives in direct sunlight.
- Floor type: It adapts to a wide variety of soils (calcareous, sandy, poor or dry), but requires good drainage to prevent waterlogging and root damage. It prefers slightly acidic or neutral soils and is able to take root in adverse conditions.
- Irrigation: Moderate and spaced; it is drought-tolerant and prefers the substrate to dry between waterings. Mature specimens require almost no watering except during periods of prolonged drought. It is essential to avoid wetting the foliage and control humidity to prevent fungal diseases.
- Temperature: It withstands extreme temperatures, both low and high. It resists frost and inclement weather common in continental or Mediterranean climates.
Pests, diseases and preventive tips
- Fungi and diseases: The cypress is resistant but sensitive to excess humidity, which can promote fungal diseases such as phytophthora or the dreaded cypress cancer (Seiridium cardinale). Good drainage and avoiding waterlogging are the best prevention.
- Common pests: It can be affected by borers, mealybugs, and aphids. Keeping the plant vigorous and using biological treatments such as neem oil helps control their incidence.
The common cypress is a versatile and durable option in any green space thanks to its durability, low maintenance, and ornamental value. Its care is simple if watering is controlled and good drainage is prioritized, ensuring its health and beauty for decades.