Bermudagrass, popularly known as fine grass, Bermuda grass or Bermuda grass, is one of the most appreciated options in warm and temperate regions for its extraordinary resistance and adaptabilityIts popularity is due both to its low maintenance and its dense, green, and uniform appearance, which beautifies gardens, parks, and sports fields.
Botanical characteristics and origin of Cynodon dactylon
El Bermudagrass It is a perennial grass native to tropical and subtropical regions, especially widespread in North Africa and southern Europe. It presents gray-green leaves which can turn yellow with the arrival of cold weather and stems that vary between 1 and 30 cm in length. Its deep root system (up to more than two meters) gives it remarkable drought tolerance, but it is not aggressive enough to damage pipes or structural soils.
By forming a dense layer of turf, limits the appearance of weeds and tolerates trampling, waterlogging, and certain soil salinity very well. Despite its invasive nature, it is considered an ideal species for warm, dry climates, where other species do not thrive easily.
Advantages and disadvantages of Bermuda grass
Main strengths
- High resistance to drought: Thanks to its deep roots, it requires less water than other grasses and can withstand long periods of water shortage.
- Aesthetic appearance and density: If kept mowed, it provides an even, dense, bright green cover.
- Quick establishment: Its vigorous growth allows for a dense, green carpet to be obtained in a short time after sowing.
- Resistance to use and trampling: It withstands heavy traffic, making it ideal for public areas, parks, and sports fields.
- Low maintenance: Once established, it requires less watering and recovers well from damage.
Weaknesses to take into account
- Low shade tolerance: Growth and coloration are affected in the absence of direct sunlight.
- Winter dormancy: In cold seasons, it goes dormant, losing its green color; it may turn yellowish or brown.
- Invasive character: Its rapid spread can be problematic if mixed with other grass species.
- Need for regular cuts: During its peak growing season, frequent mowing is essential to maintain a neat appearance and control growth.
Soil, climate and exposure requirements
El Bermudagrass It prefers well-drained soils, although it adapts to a wide variety, from sandy to slightly clayey, and even soils with a certain level of salinity. It is essential that it receives direct sun for most of the day, as it doesn't thrive in prolonged shade. Its optimal pH range is between 5.5 and 8.5, tolerating more alkaline conditions better than other grasses.
As for the climate, it is ideal for regions where the temperatures are high most of the yearDuring the winter, if temperatures drop below 8 to 10°C, the grass goes dormant, significantly reducing its growth and changing color.
How to plant Cynodon dactylon: Preparation and sowing
Sowing should be done when the soil is sufficiently warm, usually in late spring or early summer. Before sowing:
- Remove weeds and stones: It is crucial to clear and level the ground to ensure even coverage.
- Improve the substrate: Add organic matter if the soil is poor and make sure it drains well.
- Install the irrigation system: Efficient irrigation facilitates germination and root development.
- Homogeneous sowing: Spread the seeds avoiding accumulations (about 10-12 grams per square meter, depending on the variety) and roll them to facilitate seed-soil contact.
- First waterings: Keep the substrate always moist until germination, which usually occurs in about 4 to 7 days.
Watering and fertilization: Keys to a healthy and vigorous lawn
During the establishment period, Watering should be frequent but without flooding.. Later, once the lawn is established, watering can be spaced out and adjusted to the weather:
- In summer: light daily watering to maintain greenery.
- In autumn and winter: space out watering, as growth slows down as the plant enters a dormant period.
The subscriber must be rich in nitrogen, especially during the warm season, with monthly applications to maintain lawn color and vigor. Balanced fertilizers also provide potassium and phosphorus to strengthen roots and improve recovery after intensive use.
Mowing, scarifying and general maintenance
La recommended cutting height for Cynodon dactylon It varies between 2 and 5 cm, depending on the use and variety. It's not advisable to cut more than a third of the leaf at each mowing to avoid stress. During periods of peak growth, mowing will be necessary more frequently (once a week or even more).
El annual scarification and aeration It's important to eliminate the buildup of thatch and moss, allowing better access to water, air, and nutrients to the root system. This promotes a healthier, denser lawn that's resistant to pests and diseases.
Common pests, diseases, and solutions
Bermuda grass is very resistant to most pests and diseasesHowever, in humid environments or on the coast, it can occasionally be affected by the fungus Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, which causes the disease known as Dollar spotThis is detected by the appearance of dry, circular areas. Treatment consists of:
- Remove the affected areas.
- Reseed or fill in the gaps.
- Apply a preventive or curative fungicide.
Furthermore, its dense growth makes it difficult for weeds to invade. In case of infestations, hand weeding is best. Anti-germination herbicides should be used with caution, as they affect all seeds present in the soil.
Featured varieties of Cynodon dactylon
Cynodon dactylon has different varieties and cultivars adapted to different needs:
- Arden 15: Fine texture, excellent greening, ideal for sports fields and demanding gardens.
- Sultan and Sahara II: Fast-growing, resistant to heat, drought, and salinity, it is recommended for parks and golf course roughs.
- Common: Very durable, easy to maintain, ideal for private gardens and moderate traffic areas.
- Hybrids (C. dactylon x C. transvaalensis): Very dense, fine-bladed grass with excellent resilience, especially suitable for areas with a Mediterranean climate and intensive sports use.
Comparison with other species: Why choose Bermuda grass?
Bermuda grass stands out from other species such as Tall fescue o Perennial ryegrass its resistance to high temperatures and droughtsAlthough it goes dormant during the winter and loses its green color, this disadvantage can be offset by overseeding in the fall with ryegrass or other cold-cycle species. For more information on alternatives, you can visit green alternatives to grass.
Due to its resistance to trampling, low water requirements, and rapid recovery, it is preferred for sports fields, residential gardens, and high-traffic public areas.
