What is Tagetes elliptica and why is it so special?
Tagetes elliptical, popularly known as chincho, suyku o Sacha Huacatay, is an aromatic herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family native to the Peruvian Andes. This species stands out not only for its intense aroma and its culinary use, but also for its medicinal and therapeutic properties, which have made it one of the most valued plants in traditional Andean medicine and regional gastronomy.
Botanical description and morphology of Tagetes elliptica
Tagetes elliptical It is a fast-growing plant that can reach an initial height of 50 to 70 cm, easily reaching the 2 meters. It has a branched and erect main stem, which when cut tends to develop new branches, making it very productive and easy to multiply in orchards or gardens. leaves, lanceolate, rounded, and with serrated edges, are arranged oppositely. The elliptical leaflets, from which its botanical epithet derives, contribute to the visual identification of the species.
The flowers The chincho flowers are abundant and large within the Tagetes family, and are also edible and appreciated for their aroma as well as their nutritional and medicinal value. flowers They usually group together in striking inflorescences, which facilitates their reproduction by seeds since they easily disperse their offspring, colonizing lands where they are cultivated.
The root of Tagetes elliptica is taproot and branches well, allowing it to adapt to soils with moderate organic matter content and good drainage capacity. This plant is perfectly adapted to the Andean climate, withstanding the altitude and thermal fluctuations typical of the area.
Geographic distribution and natural habitat
El Tagetes elliptical It is a plant endemic to the Andes, especially in Peru, and is distributed mainly in the regions of Ancash (over 2,700 m above sea level), Huánuco, Cajamarca, JunÃn, La Libertad, and Pasco. It prefers well-drained soils with a certain amount of organic matter, although it can adapt to low-fertility soils due to its hardiness. ideal climate For its development it is temperate and sunny, but in early stages of growth excessive solar radiation can be harmful, so it is recommended to protect young seedlings.
Etymology and common names
the generic name tagetes refers to the Etruscan mythological figure Tages, while the epithet elliptical This is due to the elliptical shape of its leaflets. It is known by several vernacular names in different regions: chincho, chinchu, serrano maidenhair, sacha huacatay y Maria Sacha, all of which reflect their cultural importance and their widespread presence in the daily lives of Andean populations.
Medicinal properties of Tagetes elliptica
Tagetes elliptical It is appreciated in traditional medicine for its wide range of therapeutic applications, ranging from internal use to treat digestive disorders and infectious problems, to topical applications for the improvement of skin conditionsFor further information on its cultivation and properties, you can consult this article on related medicinal plants.
- Antioxidant properties: Thanks to the presence of vitamin C and flavonoids, chincho acts as a strong natural antioxidant, helping to neutralize free radical and strengthen the immune system.
- Antibacterial properties: The essential oil of Tagetes elliptica has been shown to be effective against bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli y Pseudomonas aeruginosaThis makes it a valuable resource for the treatment and prevention of infections.
- Antifungal effects: It presents activity against fungi such as Candida albicans y Aspergillus spp., which is why it is used to help relieve fungal infections of the skin and mucous membranes.
- Insecticidal and antiparasitic properties: It has demonstrated its effectiveness as a biological control against trypanosomiasis and nematodes, giving it a relevant role in both medicine and organic farming.
- Digestive effects: Traditionally, chincho is used to treat digestive disorders, relieve colic, improve digestion, and stimulate appetite.
- Relief from skin conditions: The application of diluted chincho oil helps to improve skin problems such as acne, pimples and blackheads.
Chemical composition and bioactive components
The chincho contains Essential oils rich in dihydrotagetenone, z-tagetenone and z-tagetone, compounds responsible for its renowned therapeutic properties. In addition, it contains natural antioxidants, such as Vitamin C and various flavonoids, which act by strengthening the body's antioxidant defenses. To learn more about the properties of its components, you can also consult this article.
Traditional uses and applications of Tagetes elliptica
The use of chincho transcends the medicinal. In the Andean culture, is used in numerous ways, integrating the culinary and folk medicine: For more extensive medicinal and culinary uses, check this out.
- Cuisine: It is one of the main ingredients of the traditional Pachamanca and is used in preparations such as caldo verde (green broth) or meat stews. Its intense aroma and flavor add an unmistakable touch to Andean dishes.
- Infusions and decoctions: The dried leaves and flowers are used in infusions to improve digestive disorders, colds, and as a general tonic.
- Compresses and ointments: The diluted essential oil is applied topically to treat skin conditions, relieving irritation and promoting healing.
- Agricultural biological control: It can be used to repel nematodes and soil pests, acting as a non-toxic, natural agent for integrated control in orchards and homestead crops.
- Traditional rites and uses: In addition to its medicinal and culinary uses, in certain communities it has symbolic value and is used in traditional ceremonies and ancestral medicine practices.
Growing Tagetes elliptica: practical recommendations
The chincho is a easy-to-grow plant and very resistant:
- Sowing: It reproduces primarily by seed, which germinates easily. It is best to sow in well-drained soil with moderate irrigation.
- Irrigation and light: It requires light watering, avoiding waterlogging. During the early stages of growth, it may need protection from excessive sunlight, but as an adult, it tolerates direct sunlight well.
- Soils and fertilizer: It prefers soils with a certain organic matter content, although it is not demanding and can grow in poor soils.
- Plagues and diseases: The chincho stands out for its resistance to fungal and bacterial pests, unlike other similar species. After flowering, the plant begins its natural decline.
- Propagation control: Given its high seed dispersal potential, it is advisable to control seed drop to prevent unwanted expansion.
Medicinal preparations and use of chincho
- Infusion: Place one or two teaspoons of dried leaves in a cup of hot water. Let it steep for 10 to 15 minutes, strain, and drink two or three times a day to improve digestion, boost your immune system, and relieve stomach discomfort.
- Decoction: Boil one tablespoon of dried seeds or roots in two cups of water for 10 to 15 minutes, strain, and drink to take advantage of its antiparasitic and purifying effects.
- Topical use: To treat skin problems, dilute a few drops of chincho essential oil in almond or coconut oil and apply to the affected area.
Importance within traditional Andean culture and medicine
Tagetes elliptica represents much more than just a medicinal plant for the communities of the Andes. It is a symbol of connection between humans and nature, beloved both in cooking and in ancestral healing practices. Its use in rituals, festivals, and celebrations is a testament to the continuity of ancient traditions, where each plant has a spiritual and functional purpose.
Scientific studies and validation of their properties
While most of the uses of chincho derive from popular experience, various scientific studies have corroborated its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antifungal effects. Research on its essential oil highlights the presence of active compounds Similar to those of huacatay, although with their own chemical profiles that enhance their medicinal value. Furthermore, evidence supports their use in controlling pathogenic bacteria and harmful fungi, reaffirming the popular wisdom about their healing properties.
Tips for its conservation and sustainable use
Responsible harvesting and organic cultivation of Tagetes elliptica are essential to ensure the plant's long-term availability. It is important to prevent overexploitation in wild areas and promote its family and community cultivation, thus fostering food sovereignty and preserving ancestral knowledge.
The versatility of Tagetes elliptica as a source of health, flavor, and culture in the Andean region positions it as one of the most complete and appreciated plants, both in medicine and gastronomy. Its richness in active ingredients, ease of cultivation and its cultural legacy reinforce the importance of rediscovering and valuing native botanical resources.
