Introduction to Euphorbia acrurensis: beauty, hardiness, and origin
Euphorbia acrurensis, popularly known as sweet tabaiba o desert candle cactus, is a succulent plant belonging to the Euphorbia genus, within the Euphorbiaceae family. Its origins are in Africa, especially in dry regions of South Africa and Zimbabwe. Thanks to its amazing hardiness, architectural beauty, and easy maintenance, it has become a favorite ornamental option for those who want to enjoy exotic plants in their homes or gardens without complications.
Euphorbia acrurensis is recognized by its upright, branched, cylindrical, grayish-green stems. Although it can reach heights of up to 3 to 5 meters in the wild, it tends to remain smaller in cultivation, typically between 1,5 and 2,5 meters indoors, depending on space and care.
Outstanding botanical and visual characteristics
Euphorbia acrurensis has an upright, candelabri-shaped, and spectacular appearance. Its stems have pronounced ribs, small spines at the nodes, and short, rapidly drooping leaves. Its color varies from dark green to grayish, and can sometimes take on lighter shades depending on its exposure to light.
Flowers and bloom: The flowers of Euphorbia acrurensis are small and inconspicuous, usually yellow, and clustered in inflorescences. These are not as visually striking as the plant's unique shape, so its main ornamental value lies in its architectural structure rather than its blooms.
The plant is highly valued in xerophytic gardening and landscaping for its ability to withstand long periods of drought, its low maintenance, and its elegant appearance both indoors and outdoors. Furthermore, its upright stems resemble several lit candles, hence its nickname "desert candle cactus."
Size and growth: Although it can grow to over 3 meters in height in its natural habitat, it typically stays below 2,5 meters in pots and at home, making it ideal for large, well-lit spaces. Its growth rate is medium and may require pruning depending on the desired shape or size.
Taxonomic classification
- Kingdom: Plant
- Division: tracheophyta
- Class: Magnoliopside
- Order: Malpighials
- Family: Euphorbiaceae
- Gender: euphorbia
- Species: Euphorbia acrurensis
Natural habitat and adaptation to cultivation
Originating from arid and semi-arid areas, Euphorbia acrurensis adapts perfectly to dry and warm climatesIt is commonly found in stony soils where rainfall is scarce and the sun is intense, factors that have favored its extraordinary resistance and ability to store water in its fleshy stems.
This euphorbia tolerates intense heat and lack of water very well, but it is sensitive to cold, especially frost. Therefore, in regions with harsh winters, it is essential to protect it or keep it indoors during the cold season.
How to Grow Euphorbia acrurensis: Complete Care Guide
Light and location
This plant requires a lot of light to thrive. It's recommended to place it in a space where it receives direct sunlight for several hours a day. Indoors, it's best to place the pot next to a bright window, preferably south-facing to ensure maximum exposure.
If your Euphorbia acrurensis is located in a location that receives only indirect light, its growth may be slower and its colors less intense. Whenever possible, rotate it a quarter of a turn each week to ensure even growth on all sides and prevent it from leaning toward the light source.
Temperature
Prefers warm environments and thrives best in temperatures between 20 and 30°C. It is very sensitive to intense cold and should not be exposed to temperatures below 10°C, as extreme cold can be lethal to its tissues. In winter, if there is a risk of frost, move it indoors or cover it properly.
Irrigation
Euphorbia acrurensis is very resistant to drought.. It should only be watered when the substrate is completely dry. During the warmer months with more hours of sunlight, it may require watering every 3-4 weeks, although the frequency depends on temperature and exposure. In winter, watering should be even more spaced out, avoiding excess moisture, which could trigger root rot.
To check if it's time to water, insert your finger into the soil; if it's completely dry at a depth of 2 to 3 cm, it's time to add water. Always use lukewarm water and avoid wetting the stems to minimize the risk of fungal diseases.
For plants in small pots, with high temperatures and more sun exposure, slightly more frequent watering is usually required, but always respecting the principle of letting the substrate dry completely between waterings.
Humidity
This species prefers environments with low humidityExcessive humidity can promote the growth of fungi and diseases. This is ideal in dry climates, but in humid interiors, it's recommended to use dehumidifiers or ensure good ventilation.
Substrate and soil type
The key to a good Euphorbia acrurensis crop is a extremely well-drained substrateUse a specific mix for cacti or succulents, combining elements such as black soil, coarse sand, perlite, vermiculite, and charcoal to maximize drainage and root aeration.
- Indicative substrate recipe:
- 2 parts black soil
- 1 part solid humus
- 3/4 parts coarse sand
- 1/2 part vermiculite
- 1/2 part perlite
- 1/2 part charcoal
You can also add gravel or volcanic rock to the bottom of the pot to further improve drainage. It's essential that the pot has wide, efficient drainage holes to prevent water from accumulating.
Fertilization
During the growing season (spring and summer), you can provide a Specific fertilizer for cacti and succulents every three or four weeks. Choose fertilizers low in nitrogen and high in phosphorus and potassium, which will promote strong growth without causing disproportionate and fragile development.
In autumn and winter, it is not necessary to fertilize, since this is the dormant period for most succulents.
Pruning and maintenance
La pruning is occasional and is primarily done to control the shape or size of the plant. Always use clean tools and gloves, as the sap of Euphorbia acrurensis is toxic and irritating. After cutting a stem, let the wound dry and heal before exposing it to moisture to avoid infection.
In the case of diseased, broken, or damaged branches, it is advisable to remove them with clean cuts to keep the plant healthy and prevent the spread of disease.
Risks, toxicity and precautions
Like all species of the genus Euphorbia, this plant contains a very toxic white milky sapDirect contact with skin or eyes can cause severe irritation and, in extreme cases, even temporary blindness. Accidental ingestion of the sap is dangerous to humans and pets, causing severe toxic reactions.
Therefore, it should be always handle it with gloves and keep it out of reach of children and pets. If accidental contact occurs, wash immediately with plenty of water and seek medical attention if discomfort persists or if the sap has reached mucous membranes or eyes.
Transplant and propagation
Every 2 or 3 years, or when the plant has outgrown its pot, repot it, preferably in spring. Choose a larger pot with fresh, well-draining potting soil. Remove the plant carefully to avoid damaging the roots and let the roots air dry slightly before placing it in its new container.
Spread: The most common method is by stem cutting. Cut a segment with leaves, let the wound dry for 2 to 4 days to form a callus, and plant it in a dry, porous substrate. Keep humidity low until it begins to root, a process that usually begins within a week. It can also be propagated by dividing clumps in well-developed specimens, carefully separating stems and roots and allowing the wounds to dry before transplanting.
Main problems, pests and diseases
Euphorbia acrurensis is hardy but not invulnerable. Their most common problems are a consequence of excessive irrigation or lack of light, while pest attacks are rare.
- Root rot: This is the most common problem, probably caused by overwatering. It manifests itself as yellowing of the stems or softening of the roots. To prevent this, keep the substrate dry and only use water when the soil is completely dry.
- Mealybugs and mites: Check the undersides of leaves and stem intersections. If you detect pests, apply organic treatments or insecticides specifically for succulents.
- Brown spots or curled leaves: They can be caused by either water stress (too little water) or excessive direct sunlight. Check the soil and adjust the plant's location according to the seasons.
- Fungi and powdery mildew: With insufficient ventilation or excessive humidity, whitish spots or rot may appear. Remove affected areas and minimize watering.
Benefits and uses of Euphorbia acrurensis
This plant is ideal for xerophilous gardens and sustainable landscaping Thanks to its low water consumption and its virtually no maintenance requirements once established, it provides vertical structure and an architectural look to rockeries, terraces, and sunny patios. In pots, it can decorate well-lit interiors, creating exotic and modern atmospheres.
In addition, it is classified as high tolerance to drought and heat, with moderate resistance to salinity, making it suitable for coastal gardens if the substrate is suitable.
Additional recommendations for optimal development
- Avoid exposing the plant to frost, as they suffer irreversible tissue damage. If you live in a cold climate, it's essential to protect it or keep it indoors during the winter.
- Do not flood the substrate or spray water on the stems.Excessive humidity can be fatal.
- Avoid unnecessary cuts; pruning only to maintain the shape and health of the plant.
- Combine it with other succulents and cacti to achieve visually harmonious and low-maintenance arrangements.
Frequently asked questions about Euphorbia acrurensis
- Is it a plant suitable for beginners?
Yes. Euphorbia acrurensis is ideal for those new to gardening, as it tolerates forgetful watering, requires little maintenance, and is very decorative. - How often should it be transplanted?
Approximately every 2-3 years, or when the pot is outgrown. It's best to repot in spring. - Can it coexist with other plants?
Yes, but it's best to place it next to other species that prefer dry, well-drained substrates to avoid moisture problems. - Is it pet friendly?
No. Its sap is toxic, so it should be kept out of reach of pets and small children. - Does it produce fruit?
It is not known for producing remarkable fruit. Its main attraction is structural and decorative.
Thanks to its spectacular appearance, low maintenance, and unique hardiness, Euphorbia acrurensis is one of the most valuable succulents for those seeking an exotic and sophisticated touch both indoors and in dry gardens. With some basic growing recommendations and attention to its specific needs, this plant will last for years, bringing character, natural beauty, and minimal work to any space.
