Los geraniumsbelonging to the family geraniaceae, are one of the most appreciated ornamental plants in gardens, terraces and balconies around the world. With more than 400 species which include genres such as Geranium, Erodium and PelargoniumThe latter is the most widespread and cultivated, thanks to its spectacular flowers and easy care. Its maintenance is ideal for both novice gardeners and experienced gardeners.
Main types of geraniums
Within the genre Pelargonium Several types stand out, each with own characteristics:
- Common geranium (pelargonium zonale): with an upright bearing and abundant flowers.
- Gypsy geranium or ivy (pelargonium peltatum): with hanging stems, perfect for planters and high balconies.
- Geranium pansy (Pelargonium domesticum “regal”): large leaves and showy flowers, ideal for indoors.
- Lemon geranium (Pelargonium graveolens): stands out for its citrus aroma and use as a natural mosquito repellent.
Su chromatic variety and their resistance make it possible to enjoy geraniums almost all year round in temperate climates.
Ideal location, light and temperature
They carefully choose the location of their geraniums: they prefer sunny and well-ventilated locations, where they receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily, but should be protected from extreme midday heat and strong drafts. In sunny areas, they benefit from some shade during the hottest hours. If you grow them indoors, place them near a south- or west-facing window.
They are plants that they resist heat well, but low temperatures and frost damage them easily. Below 10-15ºC, can suffer, so it is advisable to protect them during cold weather or use thermal blankets if they are outdoors.
Irrigation, substrate and fertilization
The key to optimal development of geraniums is to maintain the soil is moist but never waterloggedDuring spring and summer, water regularly, allowing the top layer of soil to dry between waterings. In winter, lightly moistening the substrate every 10-14 days is sufficient.
El ideal substrate is fertile and well drainedYou can use all-purpose soil enriched with compost, perlite, or sand to improve drainage. Adding organic fertilizers such as worm castings, compost, or guano at the beginning of the season promotes growth and flowering. During the flowering period, applying a liquid fertilizer specifically for geraniums every two weeks will boost flower production and a vigorous foliage.
Transplanting and pruning
It is recommended Repot geraniums every year at the beginning of spring, renewing the substrate and choosing a suitable pot (minimum 20-30 centimeters in diameter). Take the opportunity to prune the longest roots and dried leaves and flowers. During the season, regularly remove dried leaves, flowers and weak stems to stimulate regrowth and prevent disease.
Reproduction by cuttings
Multiplying geraniums is simple by cuttingsSelect healthy stems about 10 cm long, cut just below a node, and remove the lower leaves. Place them in water or directly in moist soil, in a warm, bright location away from direct sunlight, until they root.
Common pests and diseases
Geraniums are hardy, but can be affected by pests such as the geranium butterfly, whitefly, aphid or red spiderThe use of neem oil, garlic infusion, or organic insecticides is recommended as both prevention and treatment. For more details, see our Article on common mistakes in potted plant care.
Among the most common diseases are rust, leaf spot and gray rotTo avoid fungus, it is essential control humidity and do not wet the leaves when wateringAt the slightest sign, remove the damaged parts and apply appropriate fungicides. You can find more information in our Article on geranium pansy care.
Extra tips and curiosities
- For healthy growth, leave 20 cm between plants if growing in flowerbeds.
- The crushed egg shells They provide calcium and strengthen geraniums.
- A tablespoon of white vinegar per liter of water helps balance the pH and prevent fungus.
- Rice water is rich in nutrients and promotes vitality.
Are geraniums toxic to pets?
Some varieties contain slightly toxic compounds for Dogs and catsAlthough poisoning is rare, it can cause mild discomfort if swallowed, so it's advisable to keep them out of reach.
El geranium It's a generous, grateful, and highly decorative plant, capable of beautifying any outdoor space with its vibrant flowers and fragrance. Simple, regular care will ensure your geraniums will be the centerpiece of your garden, balcony, or terrace for many months to come.
