Meet the golden oak: Quercus alnifolia
El golden oak o Quercus alnifolia It is a species endemic to Cyprus that exhibits unique characteristics and offers multiple ecological benefits. Recognized by its name, which refers to the yellowish color of the underside of its leaves, this tree has been declared the national tree of Cyprus since 2006.
Taxonomic classification
To better understand the golden oak, it is important to know its classification within the plant kingdom:
- Domain: eukaryota
- Kingdom: Plant
- Division: Magnoliophyta
- Class: Magnoliopside
- Order: fagales
- Family: Phagaceae
- Gender: Quercus
- Species: Q. alnifolia
Physical description
El golden oak It is a small to medium-sized tree that can reach up to Meters 10Its shape is bushy and is characterized by:
- Sheets: Hairless, obovate or suborbicular in shape, with a size ranging from 1.5-10 cm long and 1-8 cm wide. Its color is bright dark green by the beam and tomentose brown on the back.
- Flowers: It has unisexual flowers; the male ones are yellow-greenish and are grouped in clusters, while the female ones can be axillary and solitary or grouped.
- Fruits: The fruit is obovate or subcylindrical in shape, measuring between 2-2.5cm long y 0.8-1.2cm wide, with a woody endocarp and a dome with scales.
Habitat and distribution
El Quercus alnifolia It is exclusive to the Troodos Mountains, where it is found growing on volcanic soils at altitudes ranging from 400 to 1800 metersIts habitat is characterized by:
- Its presence in areas dry in the company of species such as the Pinus brutia.
- Its ability to form dense maquis in deep, moist soils, benefiting biodiversity by creating an environment conducive to herbaceous species.
Ecological importance
One of the most significant aspects of the golden oak is its role in the ecosystem:
- Soil fixing: It prevents erosion of rocky slopes due to its adaptability to colonize difficult terrain.
- Habitat and biodiversity: It contributes to the creation of mixed forests, which are vital for various species.
- Conservation: It is protected by the Cypriot Forestry Law, and its habitat has been declared a priority by the European Union, providing a framework for sustainability.
Caring for the Quercus alnifolia
While golden oak It is hardy, but requires some care to thrive, especially in garden environments:
Weather conditions
Golden oak grows best in temperate climates with:
- Temperatures warm in summer but without excesses.
- winters cold that allow the natural rest cycle.
Location in the garden
It's essential to plant it in a spacious location, away from structures that could restrict its growth. It's recommended:
- A space of at least 10 meters away from walls or pipes.
- Adequate sun exposure, although some sun exposure may be tolerated. shadow.
Land
El Quercus alnifolia prefers well-drained soils rich in organic matter. Some recommendations include:
- To incorporate compost or organic matter to the soil to improve fertility.
- Avoid compact or over-watered soils. cal.
Irrigation
It is crucial to maintain a proper moisture balance:
- Do not resist periods of drought, so it is recommended regular waterings during the dry months.
- Avoid puddles, as it can cause root rot.
Fertilization
Applying organic fertilizers during the growing season will help improve their vitality:
- Guano o manure are good options, applied every month during spring and summer.
- Use liquid fertilizers for those planted in pots, following the manufacturer's instructions.
Pruning
Pruning is not strictly necessary; however, it is useful for:
- Delete dead branches or sick.
- Shape the plant if desired.
Uses of Quercus alnifolia
Golden oak is not only valuable ecologically, but also has multiple practical applications:
- Ornamental: Used in landscaping for its aesthetics and the shade it provides.
- Construction: Its wood is hard and durable, ideal for furniture and structures.
- Food source: Acorns can be consumed by livestock, contributing to animal feed.
El golden oak (Quercus alnifolia) is a fascinating tree that stands out not only for its beauty and adaptability, but also for its important role in soil and biodiversity conservation. With proper care, it can be a valuable addition to any garden or green space.
