Complete guide to growing a fig tree in the garden: care and tips

  • The fig tree is a hardy, easy-to-grow and very productive tree in gardens.
  • It requires little watering, plenty of light and well-drained soil to produce quality fruit.
  • Proper pruning and location are essential to facilitate harvesting and prevent structural damage.
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6 minutes

Growing fig trees in the garden

The FIG tree It is a fascinating fruit tree, appreciated since ancient times for its ease of cultivation, its adaptability, and its delicious fruits. Learn How to grow a fig tree in the garden not only enriches your green space, but also allows you to enjoy fresh and healthy figs.

Main characteristics of the fig tree

Characteristics of the fig tree

La fig tree (ficus carica) belongs to the Moraceae family and is native to western Asia, although it has become naturalized in Mediterranean and temperate regions around the world. Its size usually varies between four and five meters tall, although some specimens can reach up to ten meters.

The fig tree is generally wider than it is tall and its root development is very vigorous. Its roots can expand significantly, so it is important to take this into account when choosing its location in the garden to avoid damage to nearby soil or structures.

Thanks to its resistance and rusticityThe fig tree has been part of the diet of numerous cultures. Its fruits, figs, are highly prized for their sweetness and nutritional value.

Advantages of growing a fig tree in your garden

  • Requires little care: It is a tree suitable even for those who are new to gardening.
  • Delicious and versatile fruits: You can enjoy fresh figs or use them in preserves, jams, and homemade recipes.
  • Resistance to extreme climates: Tolerates temperatures from several degrees below zero to hot, dry summers.
  • Adapts to different types of soil: It grows very well in stony and calcareous soils, as long as they have good drainage.
  • Provides shade thanks to its large lobed leaves.
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Ideal conditions for growing fig trees

Fig growing conditions

The FIG tree withstands temperatures Highly variable temperatures, although its optimal development occurs around 18°C. It can withstand temperatures below zero (down to -7°C) and even very hot summers. However, if you want to harvest high-quality fruit, it's ideal to provide it with an environment with:

  • Too much direct lightThe sun is essential for the development of sugars in the fruit.
  • Well-drained soils and rich in calcium, avoiding water accumulation or puddles.
  • Low water requirement, although it appreciates occasional watering during dry periods for optimal production.

How to plant a fig tree step by step

Planting a fig tree in the garden

  1. Choose the location.: Find a sunny spot, away from walls and foundations to avoid root problems.
  2. dig a hole slightly larger than the root ball of the plant, at least 40 cm deep and wide.
  3. Add organic fertilizer mixed with the extracted soil.
  4. If the plant is in a potCarefully remove the root ball. If it's bare-rooted, soak it in water for a few hours before planting.
  5. Place the fig tree in the hole and cover with soil, pressing gently to eliminate air pockets.
  6. water abundantly after planting to settle the soil and encourage rooting.

It's recommended to plant fig trees during dormancy, in winter or spring after the last frost. If you grow more than one fig tree, leave 4 to 7 meters between them.

Growing and caring for the fig tree

Fig tree care

The fig tree is a tree of fast growth y low maintenance, but to obtain abundant and healthy harvests it is recommended to take into account the following aspects:

Irrigation

It is one of the species more tolerant of droughtBut if you want juicy, sweet figs, water deeply once a week during the summer. If you're looking for more shade and lush foliage, increase the frequency to twice a week.

Fertilization

Apply organic fertilizer or slow-release application in early spring, coinciding with the start of bud break. You can repeat two or three light applications during the growing season.

Pruning

Fig tree pruning

La formation pruning This is essential in the early years to achieve a balanced structure that facilitates harvesting. Subsequently, perform clean and productive pruning during the winter to remove dry or poorly positioned branches and renew the fruit-bearing wood.

If you want to produce figs as well as brevas, leave some shoots unpruned so they will flower in spring.

Protection against pests and diseases

  • Fig rust: Yellow and brown spots on leaves. Remove affected leaves and keep the soil clean.
  • Smut: It appears in warm, humid weather, showing yellow spots that later darken. Remove infected leaves.
  • MitesSmall, moving spots on the back of leaves. Wash them with pressure washer or use insecticidal soap.
  • Fig mosaic virusLight green spots. Prune affected branches to renew the plant.

Differences between figs and figs

Fig fruits: figs and figs

The fig tree can produce two types of fruits:

  • Figs: They begin to form and mature during the summer and autumn on the shoots of the year.
  • Briefs: These are fruits that formed in the previous season and remained immature, maturing the following spring.

Figs usually have higher commercial value and size, while figs are generally sweeter.

Water requirements and fertilization

Although the fig tree withstands long periods of droughtRegular watering substantially improves the quality and production of figs. Water stress can cause premature drop of figs, leaf loss, or smaller fruit.

Irrigation requirements are generally lower than those of other fruit trees. Deep, even irrigation is preferable, avoiding excess moisture and waterlogging.

Fertilization should be moderate, using well-rotted compost, manure, or balanced fertilizers formulated for fruit trees.

Multiplication and propagation of the fig tree

Propagation of the fig tree

The simplest way to propagate a fig tree It is by cuttings:

  1. Choose one young branch during the winter, about 20-30 cm and one centimeter thick.
  2. Cut in a 45º angle and dip the base in rooting hormone.
  3. Plant the cutting in a pot with fertile substrate and keep it moist.
  4. Place the pot in a warm, sunny location until it takes root.

It is also possible to multiply the fig tree by layering, seeds, or grafting, but cuttings usually give better results for amateur growers.

Growing fig trees in pots

Potted fig tree

If you live in a cold area or with limited space, grow a fig tree in a pot is an excellent alternative. Choose a large container (such as recycled wine barrels) with good drainage. Use a substrate rich in organic matter and place the pot in the sunniest spot on your patio or deck. In winter, move the pot to a sheltered location if temperatures drop significantly.

When and how to harvest figs

You must collect the figs only when they are soft to the touch and peel off easily. Handle them carefully, as their skin is very delicate. Wear gloves to avoid irritation from the latex in the sap. harvest is staggered, extending over several weeks. Place the fruit on padded trays to avoid knocks that could accelerate deterioration.

Recommended varieties of fig trees

Varieties of fig trees

  • Black Mission: Very popular for its intense flavor and ease of drying.
  • White Adriatic: Produces light-colored, very sweet figs, ideal for warm regions.
  • Brown Turkey: Adapted to colder climates, with mild-flavored fruits.
  • Chicago Hardy: It resists frost and produces figs with hints of cherry.
  • Desert King: Ideal for temperate and cool places, with very sweet fruit.
  • Lady's Collar (Black and White), San Antonio, Calabacita y Verdal: Highly valued in the Mediterranean area and Spain.
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