Introduction to Euphorbia horrida: a fascinating succulent
horrid euphorbia, popularly known as African milk barrel, is a succulent plant of the family Euphorbiaceae, which dazzles with its exotic and resilient appearance. Native to arid areas of southern Africa, especially the Cape region, this species has become a favorite among collectors and plant lovers thanks to its striking appearance, its ease of cultivation and their ability to adapt.
This succulent shrub it's not a cactus, although its appearance resembles it: it develops thick stems, pronounced ribs and is covered with reddish thorns which, over time, turn dark brown. It often reaches heights of up to one and a half meters when in optimal condition and can form dense clumps, colonizing the space in both gardens and pots.
The milky sap secreted by Euphorbia horrida when it is damaged it is characteristic of its kind and It is irritating and toxic, so it should be handled with caution.
Botanical characteristics of Euphorbia horrida
horrid euphorbia It shows a sculptural appearance, with stems thick, bluish-green or grayish in color, which have wavy ribs covered by robust, curved spines that are reddish in color when young and dark brown as they age. This structure allows it to retain water in arid environments, making it highly drought tolerant.
It reaches average heights of 75 cm at 1,5 meters, with stems that can reach 8 to 10 cm in diameter. The plant branches from the base and tends to form dense clumps, which enhances its ornamental appeal.
During the flowering season, which generally occurs between spring and summer, produces small yellow, greenish or purple flowers at the ends of the stems. Although inconspicuous, these flowers add interest and are attractive to pollinators such as bees and butterflies.
Like other species of the genus Euphorbia, the horrida stands out for its slow growth, longevity and adaptability to different growing conditions.
Ideal location and exposure for Euphorbia horrida
To ensure optimal development of your plant, it is essential to provide it with the appropriate light and temperature conditions. Euphorbia horrida requires abundant light and prefers spaces with direct sunlight or, failing that, very intense sunlightWhile it tolerates direct sunlight, it should ideally receive filtered light during the most intense hours of the day to avoid sunburn, especially in summer and in areas with high radiation.
Place it near east, southeast, or southwest-facing windows if you grow it indoors. It can also thrive outdoors in xerophytic gardens, cactus gardens, rockeries or dry slopesIf you live in a cold climate, protect it from frost by bringing the plant indoors or using greenhouses during the colder months.
The optimal temperature for Euphorbia horrida ranges between 18 and 25 ° C, although it can occasionally withstand drops of up to 5°C as long as the substrate remains dry. It does not tolerate persistent frost or prolonged sub-zero temperatures.
Substrate type and soil conditions
Euphorbia horrida requires a well-drained substrate To avoid root rot, their main enemy in home cultivation, it's best to use a specific mix for cacti and succulents or prepare a custom substrate by combining:
- 50% soil for cacti
- 30% coarse sand or perlite
- 20% volcanic gravel or pumice
It is essential that the container has drainage holes and ensure that puddles never accumulate at the base. If you grow Euphorbia horrida in the garden soil, be sure to plant it in a raised area or raise the soil to improve drainage.
Proper irrigation to avoid problems
Overwatering is the most common cause of death for Euphorbia horridaWater moderately, always allowing the substrate to dry completely between applications. During spring and summer, when the plant is growing, you can water every 10 to 14 days depending on the ambient temperature and the dryness of the substrate.
- Spring and summer: Water approximately every 1 or 2 weeks, as needed.
- Fall Season: It is recommended to space out waterings every 2 weeks or more.
- Winter: Reduce watering to once a month or stop if the substrate remains moist, as the plant enters dormancy.
Avoid directly wetting the stems and thorns to prevent the growth of fungus. It's always better to err on the side of underwatering than overwatering: it's easier to recover from drought than from rot.
Fertilization and manure for vigorous growth
Adequate fertilizer can enhance the development of Euphorbia horrida. It is advisable to apply a liquid fertilizer for cacti and succulents During the growing season, preferably every 4-6 weeks in spring and summer. The dosage should be low and the fertilizer well diluted. It is not necessary to fertilize in autumn and winter, when the plant enters dormancy.
At the time of transplant you can enrich the substrate with well-decomposed organic matter in small quantities, maintaining the proportion of mineral materials to ensure drainage.
Pruning and general maintenance
La Pruning in Euphorbia horrida is not necessary, except for removing damaged stems, withered flowers or dry thorns that could make the plant look ugly or facilitate the appearance of pathologies. Carry out any manipulation wearing resistant gloves, since the milky sap can cause skin irritation and is toxic if ingested.
Maintenance includes periodically checking the condition of the roots when repotting, to detect signs of rot, and ensuring the container does not retain excess moisture.
Pests, diseases and common problems
In domestic environments, Euphorbia horrida is quite resistant to pests, although they may appear:
- Sea Conches
- Mites
- Cottony cushion scales and hard-shell scales
- Scales
The most common diseases derive from excess moisture, such as root rot and fungus. Symptoms include soft stems, dark spots, and loss of vigor. If these problems occur, reduce watering, remove affected parts, and change the substrate if necessary.
To treat minor pests you can resort to potassium soap or organic mineral oils. If persistent fungi are present, it will be necessary to apply a fungicide and improve drainage.
Propagation: How to multiply Euphorbia horrida
Euphorbia horrida can be easily multiplied by seeds o stem cuttingsBoth techniques have advantages for the amateur:
- Seeds: Harvest them in spring or summer from mature plants. Sow them in sandy soil and keep them in a warm, humid environment until germination.
- Cuttings: Cut a piece of healthy stem with a clean tool and let the wound dry for 7-8 days. Then, plant it in well-drained soil and water lightly. The plant will develop roots within a few weeks.
When handling cuttings, be extremely careful with the toxic sap. Always do so with thick gloves and keep away from children and pets.
Varieties and related species
The gender euphorbia It comprises more than 2.000 species distributed mainly in Africa, Madagascar, and the Americas. Among the most popular species that require similar care are:
- euphorbia enopla
- Euphorbia trigona
- Euphorbia resinifera
- Euphorbia canariensis
- Euphorbia tithymaloides
- Euphorbia milii
Variety Euphorbia horrida monstrosa It deserves special mention for its even more unique appearance, with twisted stems, irregular growth, and clustered spines, the result of genetic mutations that give it a spectacular shape for collectors. Its care is identical to that of the type species.
Practical tips for growing indoors and outdoors
Euphorbia horrida adapts both to pots as the garden soil, as long as excess moisture is controlled. Indoors, it's perfect for tables, shelves, bookshelves, or vertical gardens, as long as you provide enough light. If you grow it outdoors, choose sunny areas protected from the cold and moisture accumulated during winter.
The best allies for your health are:
- Proper air circulation to prevent mold
- A light and airy substrate
- Strict irrigation control
- Change pot every 3-4 years or when the root ball requires it.
Remember that the Euphorbia horrida is a low-maintenance succulent, ideal for beginners and those looking for hardy and eye-catching collectible plants.
Toxicity and handling precautions
One of the most important aspects to consider is the Toxicity of Euphorbia horrida sapThis milky-white sap can cause severe irritation to the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes if it comes into direct contact. Never ingest it or allow access to pets or children.If you are accidentally exposed, wash the area immediately with plenty of water and seek medical attention if you experience a severe reaction.
For this reason, always wear thick gloves and protective eyewear, and avoid handling the plant with open wounds or near your face. When removing cuttings or transplanting, keep your tools clean and disinfected.
Curiosities, ornamental and ecological uses
La horrid euphorbia It is appreciated not only for its resistance and beauty, but also for its ability to adapt to xerophytic landscaping and low-maintenance gardens. Its exotic, sculptural form makes it ideal for:
- Centerpiece in succulent compositions
- Accent plant in minimalist designs
- Decorative element in patios, terraces and sunny balconies
- Part of plant walls where robustness is essential
In its original habitat, Euphorbia horrida is valued for its ability to survive long periods of drought, contributing to the ecological balance of arid ecosystems by retaining water and protecting the soil from erosion.
Frequently asked questions about Euphorbia horrida
- How often should I repot my Euphorbia horrida? It is recommended to repot every 3-4 years or when you notice that the roots occupy the entire pot, always in spring.
- Can it live completely indoors? It can do so if it receives many hours of indirect natural light or intense artificial light, but it blooms and grows best in direct sunlight.
- What do I do if part of the plant rots? Remove the affected area with a clean knife, reduce watering, and consider changing the substrate to prevent the spread of fungus.
- How do I recognize a lack of water? The plant shrivels and loses its turgor. Watering once the substrate has dried out is enough to restore it.
- Which fertilizer is the most suitable? Use liquid fertilizers for cacti or succulents, diluted and only during active growth.
Euphorbia horrida is a succulent of great ornamental value, notable for its hardiness, sculptural silhouette, and ease of care. With the basic care described above, you can enjoy this exotic and robust plant for years, whether grown indoors or in low-maintenance gardens. Always remember to handle it with caution due to its toxic sap, and choose a location that combines light, warmth, and excellent drainage to ensure its health and beauty.
