El kiwi tree, scientifically known as Delicious actinidia, stands out for its production of fruits rich in vitamin C, E and K, with high fiber content and antioxidant properties. Originally from China, although globally associated with New Zealand due to its commercial name, the kiwi has become a common presence in gardens and orchards, thanks to its nutritional value and ornamental value. If you want to plant a kiwi tree and obtain delicious fruit, it is essential to thoroughly understand its needs and apply the recommended care for its proper development.
Characteristics and types of kiwi plants
El Kiwi is a fast-growing climbing plant, a deciduous tree with a woody trunk, which develops vigorous branches and requires a solid structure for support. There are several species and varieties:
- Delicious actinidia: The most cultivated for its green and hairy fruits.
- actinidia chinensis: Known as yellow or gold kiwi, with thin skin and sweet flesh.
- Actinidia arguta (mini kiwi): Small, sweet fruits with no hair on the skin.
El kiwi is a dioecious species, that is, there are male plants and female plants. It is necessary to have at least one male specimen for every three to five female specimens to ensure pollination and, therefore, fruit production. Although there are self-fertile varieties, tend to offer lower yields and smaller fruits. It's important to always check that the flowering season coincides between the planted specimens.
Ideal climate and location for planting kiwi
The Kiwi thrives in temperate climates with cool winters and mild summers, tolerating winter cold, but is sensitive to late frosts in spring and early autumn, which can damage the flowers and fruit. It should be located in areas protected from strong winds and with sunny exposure, although it tolerates some semi-shade.
In addition, the plant requires hours of cold during winter to entice and encourage flowering in the following season.
Land preparation and planting
El Kiwi needs deep, loose soils, rich in organic matter and with good drainage.The ideal pH ranges between 5,0 and 6,5. To avoid waterlogging—very harmful to the roots—it is recommended to plant on raised ridges if the soil is clayey or does not drain well. Planting should be done during the dormant period.
- Turn the soil deeply and enrich it with mature compost o earthworm humus.
- Install a trellis structure sturdy, such as T-posts and wires, to support the weight of the plant and its fruit.
- Leaves a separation of 3 to 5 meters between plants, depending on the vigor of the variety and the type of staking.
Irrigation and fertilizer
El Kiwi tree is very demanding in waterDuring the growth and fruit formation stage, especially in spring and summer, it is vital to keep the substrate moist but never waterlogged. Watering should be frequent and limited, avoiding excessive soil drying. Regularly monitor the condition of the soil and adjust watering according to the weather.
Regarding subscriber, prioritizes the use of organic fertilizersMineral fertilizers can harm the plant, especially if applied excessively. Compost, well-rotted manure, or worm castings are the best options for nourishing kiwis and promoting healthy growth.
Pruning and maintenance
La pruning is essential To control vigorous kiwi growth, facilitate ventilation and light penetration, and enhance the production of quality fruit. There are several types of pruning:
- Formation pruning: It is done by guiding the main branches through the structure from the first year of planting.
- Fruiting pruning: In winter, to remove unnecessary branches and renew productive ones, preserving those from the previous year that will produce flowers and fruit.
- Green pruning: In late spring to clear foliage and improve sunlight and plant health.
- Thinning of flowers and fruits: Remove flowers and deformed or poorly pollinated fruits to improve the size and flavor of the remaining kiwis.
In male plants, pruning after flowering helps prevent them from shading the female plants, promoting better pollination.
Propagation and cultivation at home
El growing kiwi from seed It's an attractive experience, although slower than growing from cuttings or rooted plants. To germinate seeds:
- Extract ripe seeds from the fruit and clean them well of pulp.
- Dry them in a shaded place for 2 days.
- Sow in moist soil in a seedbed, cover lightly, and maintain a temperature between 20 and 30°C in a dark, humid environment.
When the seedlings reach a few centimeters and have 2 or 3 true leaves, they can be transplanted into pots of at least 20 liters or directly into the final soil.
Harvesting and preserving the fruits
El Kiwi tree begins to bear fruit between the second and third year after planting, although peak production is reached after seven or eight years. The fruits are harvested when they reach their characteristic size and color; harvesting usually takes place in the fall. In home gardens, you can taste the fruits until you find the optimal ripeness. Once cut, store the kiwis in a cool place, without stacking them, or in the refrigerator to prolong their shelf life.
While kiwi is an exotic plant and requires dedication, its domestic cultivation is very rewarding both for its decorative value and for the quality of its fruits. Adopting these essential care and by choosing the right variety, soil and climate, you will be able to enjoy abundant and tasty harvests for years in your own garden or home.
