Geraniums ( Pelargonium spp. ) are highly prized ornamental plants, valued for their abundant and colorful blooms , as well as their hardiness. However, they face their most vulnerable period during winter, as the cold and frost can compromise their health . To preserve them and ensure they look their best again in spring, it is essential to follow a series of specific care guidelines adapted to this season.
Characteristics and varieties of geraniums
Geraniums, native to South Africa, are notable for their adaptability, which has facilitated their spread in gardens and balconies in temperate and Mediterranean climates, especially in Europe. More than 250 species are cultivated, and there are highly prized varieties such as:
- common geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum): It reaches about 60 cm and offers white, purple or red flowers.
- Zonal geranium (pelargonium zonale): Very popular for its long flowering period and resistance to sun.
- Lemon geranium (Pelargonium crispum): It gives off a citrus aroma and is useful for repelling pests and insects.
In addition to their ornamental function, some species of geraniums offer medicinal properties traditionally used in the treatment of respiratory conditions and to soothe minor discomforts.
Preparing geraniums for winter
Before the arrival of low temperatures , it is important to prepare the geraniums by taking some basic steps:
- Proper pruning: Move geraniums to a sheltered location before the first severe cold snaps. Cut stems in half and remove dead leaves and branches to encourage vigorous growth in spring and reduce the risk of disease. For more information on how to do this, see our guide on tricks to make geraniums bloom.
- Location and temperature: Place the plants in an area with temperatures between 5 and 10°C, away from direct heat sources such as radiators. Natural light is essential; a south-facing window is ideal if they are indoors. In this regard, you may also be interested in learning what Plants can be placed on the window.
Tip: If possible, grow geraniums in pots to make them easier to move indoors during the winter. This will prevent irreversible damage from extreme cold.
How to protect geraniums from frost
- Move the pots closer to the wall: Place planters next to the facade, which will reduce exposure to cold and frost.
- Use protective materials: Cover plants with frost-resistant fabrics, old blankets, or special plastic sheets to create a mild microclimate. Mulching the substrate with straw, bark, or compost protects the roots.
- Homemade greenhouse: If you have a small greenhouse on your balcony or terrace, use it to protect your geraniums. These greenhouses can protect several plants at once and can be removed on warm days.
- Avoid cold drafts: Strong currents can damage plants, so look for sheltered locations.
Watering and maintenance during the winter
Watering should be very moderate in winter : water approximately every two to three weeks, always ensuring the soil is completely dry before watering again. Excess moisture can cause root rot, a common problem in cold climates. For proper care, we also recommend consulting our article on when and how much to water geraniums.
Avoid wetting the leaves and empty the pot's saucer if water accumulates to prevent the growth of mold and fungal diseases. Fertilizing is not necessary during this stage, as the plant is dormant and wouldn't benefit from the extra nutrients.
Pruning and transplanting during the cold period
Pruning is a key task in maintaining geraniums during winter. Prune after flowering has finished, cutting back the main stems and removing any faded leaves and flowers. If you live in a region with very cold winters, it's best to delay the main pruning until late winter to avoid frost damage after cutting. For more information on this process, you can consult our guide on how to grow beautiful geraniums.
If you've planted your geraniums directly in the ground, transplanting them into pots makes them easier to protect indoors. Use a loose, well-drained potting soil rich in organic matter to ensure the plant can weather the winter in the best possible condition.
Reproduction of geraniums by cuttings
Winter is also a good time to propagate your geraniums by cuttings. Select young, flexible stems, make the cut below the second node, let the cutting dry for a day, and apply rooting hormone if desired. Plant the stem in a pot with permeable substrate and keep it in a protected, bright location. Make sure the substrate doesn't dry out completely to promote successful rooting of new plants. To expand your knowledge, you can also consult articles on .
Signs of cold damage and solutions
- Brown or black leaves: symptom of frostbite.
- Soft, watery stems: possible irreversible damage.
- Leaf loss: heat stress or overwatering.
If you notice these symptoms, act quickly by moving the plant to a protected environment, removing any damaged parts, and adjusting the watering. For more advice, also visit our section on basic care for outdoor plants.
When to return geraniums to the outdoors
As temperatures gradually rise and the risk of frost has passed, geraniums can be moved back outdoors. Make the transition gradually, slowly increasing their exposure to direct sunlight and warmer temperatures to avoid stressing the plant. For specific advice, see our page on red-flowered plants that bloom in spring.
With this care, your geraniums will not only survive the winter, but will also be ready to offer even more generous blooms when spring arrives, filling your balcony, garden, or terrace with color and life all year round.
