El bud graft It is a multiplication technique that allows two different plant parts to be combined to create a new organism that combines the characteristics of both. This practice is fundamental in horticulture and fruit growing, as it allows plants to reproduce with desirable attributes, such as disease resistance, adaptation to specific soils, and improved fruit production. To learn more about other techniques, you can visit barb graft.
What is bud grafting?
Bud grafting refers specifically to the insertion of a bud from one plant into the bark of another. This process requires that both plants be compatible, preferably from the same species, although grafts between different species within the same genus can sometimes be performed.
In a graft, two main parts can be distinguished:
- Pattern (or rootstock): It is the plant that provides the root and part of the trunk.
- Graft: It is the part that includes the bud and that will form the aerial part of the new tree.
The success of the graft depends on several factors, including the true compatibility between the rootstock and the graft, the health status of both parts, and the environmental conditions. For a broader understanding of grafting, you can consult What are grafts and what are they for?.
Advantages of bud grafting
Bud grafting is a technique that offers multiple advantages:
- Edaphoclimatic adaptation: It allows the combination of trees with specific characteristics that make them more robust in adverse conditions, such as drought or heavy soils.
- Increase in population density: Through this method, the number of trees per hectare can be increased, thus facilitating agricultural production.
- Resistance to pests and diseases: Some patterns are genetically resistant to certain pests, which helps prevent crop diseases.
- Re-grafting: It is possible to replace the crown of an unprofitable tree with another variety that has better commercial characteristics.
These advantages make bud grafting a popular choice among farmers and horticulturists. For more information on using bud grafting on fruit trees, see What you should know about fruit grafting.
When to perform a bud graft?
The most suitable time to perform a bud graft is usually in spring, when the sap circulates with greater intensity and the bark can be easily peeled off. However, it is crucial that the graft is performed when both the graft and the rootstock are active and growingIf you would like to learn more about when to graft specific trees, I recommend visiting when to graft an olive tree.
Techniques for performing a bud graft
There are several bud grafting techniques that are used depending on the characteristics of the rootstock and the graft:
T-bud graft
This is the most common technique and consists of making a "T" shaped cut in the rootstock and placing the bud inside. The graft is then tied with plastic tape or raffia to maintain a good union. This type of grafting is primarily performed under favorable conditions, such as spring or summer, when the plants are active. For more details on tree grafting, see how to graft fruit trees.
Patch graft
This method is more complicated and is primarily used on thick-barked species. A patch is cut from the bud and inserted into an opening in the rootstock, ensuring perfect contact for proper healing.
Chip graft
This graft is performed in spring, using a bud chip placed in a cut in the rootstock. It is an effective method for fig varieties and other woody plants. For more information on fig grafting, you can visit how to graft a fig tree.
How to do a bud graft step by step
The basic steps for performing an effective bud graft are described below.
- Select the graft: Choose a healthy bud from a shoot from the previous year. Make sure the bud is well developed.
- Prepare the pattern: Choose a compatible pattern and make a “T” cut in the Cortex, making sure the cut is clean and does not damage the fabric.
- Insert the yolk: Carefully place the bud between the edges of the rootstock bark so that the cambium (the layer of tissue that helps healing) is in contact.
- Tied: Tie the union with plastic tape, leaving the bud exposed. The tape will help keep the union secure until the graft takes root.
Care after grafting
After grafting, it is crucial to provide proper care:
- Keep the plant in a well-humid, shaded environment to prevent dehydration.
- Observe the graft regularly for signs of success, such as bud swelling.
- Remove the tape after two or three weeks, if everything has gone well.
It is important to know the types of grafts to apply the most appropriate technique in each case.
Difficulties during the bud grafting process
The bud grafting technique can present certain challenges:
- Lack of compatibility: If the rootstock and the graft are not compatible, the graft will not join properly.
- Environmental problems: Conditions such as excessive dryness or lack of light can damage the graft.
- Infections: It's important to prevent wounds from becoming infected. Disinfecting tools before grafting can prevent problems.
With proper care and knowledge, bud grafting can result in robust and productive plants. The bud grafting technique is a fundamental tool for propagating plant species. Using the right techniques, one can achieve satisfactory results and create fruit trees that thrive in a variety of conditions.
