Introduction to planting onions
The onion (Allium cepa) is a fundamental vegetable in Mediterranean cuisine, not only for its ability to intensify the flavor of multiple dishes, but also for its health benefitsThis plant is rich in antioxidants, has diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties, and contributes to cardiovascular well-beingGrowing onions at home is easier than it seems, and in this article we will provide you with a complete and detailed guide on how to grow onions. how to plant onions, including the care required for its growth and the ideal times for harvesting.
When to plant onions
The planting season for onions will depend on the type of onion you want to grow. Generally, there are two main varieties:
- Winter onion: It is sown in late summer or early autumn, ideally between September and October. This variety is harvested the following spring.
- Summer onion: It is sown in late winter or early spring, that is, from March to April, and its harvest takes place during the summer.
In addition, sowing may also depend on the weather conditions from each region in Spain:
- In northern Spain (Galicia, Asturias), it can be planted in late summer.
- In the center (Madrid, Castilla-La Mancha), it can be sown between September and November.
- In the south (Andalusia, Murcia), they can probably be planted in winter, between December and February.
How to plant onions?
Planting onions from seedlings
The most common way to grow onions is from seedlings, which can be purchased at nurseries. The steps to follow are detailed below:
- Location: Choose a location that receives at least 6 hours of sunlight per day. Onions prefer well-drained soil, preferably with a pH between 6 and 7.
- Soil preparation: Before planting, it's essential to till the soil to a depth of at least 15 cm. Remove stones and weeds. Make sure the soil is loose and free of compaction.
- Plantation: Make furrows about 5 cm deep and place the seedlings 20 cm apart. Remember that when planting, it is a good idea to cut the stems a little to promote a for Growth more vigorous.
Planting onions from seeds
If you decide to start from seeds, here are the steps to follow:
- Prepare a seedbed: Start the seedbed approximately 40-50 days before the transplant date. When the seedlings have about 5 leaves and are thick enough, they'll be ready to transplant.
- Spacing: It's important to maintain adequate spacing between plants. Onions should be spaced at least 40 cm apart between rows and 10 cm between each plant.
- Growth conditions: Onions require warmth; generally, the ideal soil temperature should be between 10°C and 23°C during the planting period.
Onion Care
Irrigation
Onions require a regular watering, especially during periods of drought. However, they are sensitive to excess moisture, which can cause the bulbs to rot. Below are some recommendations:
- First stage: During early growth, water moderately, ensuring the soil is moist but not waterlogged.
- Second stage: As the bulbs begin to form, reduce watering frequency. About 20 days before harvest, stop watering completely.
Fertilization
La fertilization It's key to ensuring good onion development. Use compost or well-rotted manure to enrich the soil. Make sure not to overdo it with nitrogen, as too much can lead to excessive growth of leaves and smaller bulbs. For more information on using ash in growing, check out this article. article about ash for onions.
Control of pests and diseases
Onions can be affected by various diseases. pests, such as thrips and onion flies. To prevent these problems, you can:
- Rotate crops each year.
- Use physical barriers, such as netting, to protect the crop.
- Apply ecological insecticides when necessary.
To learn more about specific diseases that can affect onions, visit this post on Botrytis in onions.
When to harvest onions?
Harvesting typically takes place 3 to 4 months after planting. Watch for signs of maturity:
- The tops of the onions begin to yellow and fall off.
- The bulb will be firm to the touch and of adequate size.
Once harvested, leave the onions in a warm, dry place for a few weeks to cure them before storing them. If you're interested in learning what other vegetables can be grown in different months, check out this link about what to plant in August.
Crop association with onions
Onions are excellent companion plants, as they can help protect other crops from pests. Some plants that can be combined with onions include:
- Carrots: Onions help repel carrot flies.
- tomatoes: They can grow together without problems.
- lettuce: Both benefit from space and light.
With all these recommendations and care instructions, growing onions can be a rewarding and simple task that enriches not only our garden but also our diet. Remember to follow each of the suggested steps to ensure a good harvest and, above all, enjoy the process of growing your own vegetables. If you'd like to explore more about growing other varieties, don't hesitate to inquire about our website. how to sow green beans.
