Oregano (Origanum vulgare) stands out among aromatic herbs for its essential role in cooking and natural medicine. It is also a favorite for growing at home, both in vegetable gardens and in pots and gardens. Its robustness and versatility make it an ideal choice even for those with little experience growing aromatic herbs.
Botanical characteristics of oregano
Oregano is a perennial herb family Lamiaceae, with straight, square stems that can reach 30 to 80 cm in height. The stem is usually covered with fine white fuzz. Its opposite, oval leaves, up to 4 cm long, are slightly hairy and have glands that give it its characteristic aroma. The flowers, small and in clusters, vary from pinkish-violet to white, depending on the variety, and tend to attract numerous bees and other pollinating insects.
Its flavor is slightly bitter and very aromatic. It is a plant that blooms during the summer, extending from low areas to considerable altitudes, and can even be commonly seen on roadsides, hillsides, and in thickets.
Benefits and uses of oregano
Oregano is widely known for its culinary properties and medicinal. It is an excellent source of vitamins A, C, E, B6, and K, as well as minerals such as iron, calcium, manganese, magnesium, fiber, and potassium.
- Culinary use: Its dried leaves are essential in Mediterranean dishes, especially in combinations with tomato, pizzas, stews and sauces.
- Medicinal properties: In infusions, it is traditionally used for coughs and respiratory ailments, due to its antioxidant, antimicrobial, digestive, and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Benefit for the garden: Oregano is considered repels some pests and, thanks to its flowering, it also attracts beneficial pollinating insects.
Ideal climate and soil for oregano
This plant is adaptable and thrives best in Mediterranean climates, where temperatures are mild or warm. It prefers locations with plenty of direct sunlight, as the growth and aroma of the leaves are enhanced with sun exposure.
As for the soil, oregano adapts to soils rich in organic matter, slightly alkaline (pH between 6,5 and 8), loose, well-drained, and preferably with some sandy or clayey composition. Avoid soils very waterlogged, as the plant is susceptible to root suffocation and fungal diseases. Therefore, make sure the location has good drainage.
Sowing and multiplication season
Oregano can be planted directly from seed, by cuttings or by dividing the plant:
- By seed: It's recommended to start sowing in late winter or any time when average temperatures are around 15-20°C (XNUMX-XNUMX°F), ideal for germination (with plenty of ambient light). Start sowing in a nursery and transplant after two to three months.
- By cuttings: Cut sections of healthy stems and plant them in moist soil in spring or fall, encouraging greater early development. You can also learn how to grow hydroponically to boost its growth.
- Division of bush: Ideal for reproducing identical plants, it consists of separating parts of the mother plant during autumn or spring.
In professional crops, even techniques of in vitro multiplication to select resistant and uniform varieties. Remember that if you plant several plants, it's a good idea to leave a distance of about 30 to 40 cm between them to ensure good development.
How to Plant Oregano: Step by Step
- Prepare the soil: Till the soil and add mature compost or worm castings to enrich the substrate. If growing in a pot, use a herb mix that ensures good drainage.
- Sowing or transplanting: If you're sowing, scatter the seeds superficially; if you're transplanting a seedling, make a hole the size of the root ball and place it at ground level.
- Initial irrigation: Water thoroughly after planting or transplanting, but do not water again until the soil begins to dry out.
- Distance: Leave approximately 30 to 40 cm between plants to facilitate growth and aeration.
To encourage young plants to take root, you can carefully separate tangled roots during transplanting. Remember to avoid compacting the soil too much.
Essential care of oregano
- Sun and location: Always choose sunny spots. Oregano needs direct sunlight to develop its aroma and vigor.
- Irrigation: Although it tolerates drought better than waterlogging, it is necessary to maintain a certain level of humidity in the substrate, watering once or twice a week and ensuring perfect drainage.
- Pruning: The plant responds well to pruning, especially after flowering or in autumn to renew vigor. Take advantage of these times to collect leaves and branches for consumption. You may also be interested in learning more. more about aromatic plants.
- Fertilization: Each year, add some compost or humus to revitalize the soil, and although it is not very demanding, a minimal nutrient contribution will improve its production and longevity.
- Beneficial associations: Oregano is compatible with plants such as pumpkins, cucumbers or zucchini, with which it associates well because it helps to repel pests, although it is advisable to keep it away from cabbages.
Pests, diseases and maintenance
This crop is very resistant to diseases, although it can be affected in waterlogged soils by mushrooms (Phythium, Fusarium), or some pests such as flea and mites. To prevent problems:
- Keep the soil free of weeds by regular surface weeding.
- Avoid overwatering and ensure drainage to prevent root rot.
- Correct crop rotation It also helps keep most diseases at bay.
Collection, drying and preservation
Oregano is usually harvested when the plant is in full bloom., when the concentration of essential oils is highest. Cut the stems mid-morning, when the dew has cleared, and tie the branches into small bunches.
Dry the oregano Hanging the bunches upside down in a well-ventilated, shady place to preserve their color and aroma. Once dry, remove the stems from the leaves and store them in airtight jars, away from light and moisture.
Having fresh or dried oregano at home is easy by following these steps. In addition to adding flavor to your cooking, it will beautify any corner of your garden and contribute to a more resilient and healthy vegetable garden thanks to the biodiversity it fosters.
