Introduction to Euphorbia lactea: a succulent of singular beauty
La Euphorbia lactea, also known as "dragon bones" or "Euphorbia lactea cristata," is one of the most prized succulents in the world of ornamental plants for its spectacular appearance and the distinctive reliefs of its stems. This species, native to tropical regions of Asia, stands out for its adaptability to different environments, making it suitable for both indoor and outdoor cultivation in warm climates.
La Euphorbia lactea It is a prominent member of the Euphorbia genus, which comprises some 2.000 species distributed among succulents, shrubs, and small trees. Its adaptability, drought resistance, and easy maintenance make it an ideal choice for any plant lover, even those with little gardening experience.
Morphological and botanical characteristics of Euphorbia lactea
La Euphorbia lactea It can reach between 3 and 5 meters in height in its natural habitat, although its development is usually more contained when grown in pots in domestic environments. Its main attraction lies in the branched succulent stems, with wavy crests that give it a sculptural and very original appearance. These crests can appear in a variety of colors: from intense green to shades of white, yellow, violet, and even pink in some grafted varieties.
Its branches have between three and four ribs, adorned with small spines up to 6 millimeters long, which are not particularly dangerous but should be handled with caution. Its leaves are tiny, rounded, and deciduous, falling quickly shortly after sprouting.
One of the most distinctive features is the presence of milky latex inside stems and leaves, hence the term "lactea" in its scientific name. This substance is highly irritating to the skin and eyes, so it's essential to take extreme precautions, especially if there are small children or pets in the home.
Sometimes it is found in its "Cristata" version, crested form or wavy, which adds even more originality to the plant, making each specimen almost unique in its structure and relief.
Growing and environmental requirements
- Temperature: Euphorbia lactea thrives in warm temperatures, between 18 and 24°C. It doesn't tolerate cold or frost well, so it's important to protect it from cold drafts and keep it in a protected environment when the temperature drops.
- Light: It requires a lot direct or semi-direct sunlightIt's recommended to place it in sunny windows or on bright terraces. If grown indoors, it's advisable to rotate the pot to ensure the entire plant receives even light, avoiding any part of it becoming shaded and losing its vitality.
This plant does not tolerate temperatures below 10 ºCIf you live in areas with cold winters, it's best to bring your plant indoors when temperatures drop or protect it with plant-specific thermal blankets.
Substrate and transplant: keys to success
The substrate is essential to ensure the overall health of the Euphorbia lactea. It prefers very draining mixtures to prevent any waterlogging and accumulation of moisture at the roots. A good recipe is the following:
- 2 parts black soil or cactus soil
- 1 part solid humus or mature compost
- 3/4 parts coarse sand
- 1/2 part vermiculite
- 1/2 part perlite
- 1/2 part charcoal
This combination mimics the natural habitat of euphorbias, allowing for excellent aeration and drainage, which are essential to prevent root rot, one of the main problems to which this plant is susceptible.
Repotting should be done in spring, every two or three years, or when the pot becomes too small. It's important to handle it with thick gloves to avoid contact with the irritating latex.
Irrigation and fertilization
La Euphorbia lactea It has excellent drought resistance thanks to the water reserves in its stems. Therefore, watering should be moderate:
- Water only when the substrate is dry to the touchDuring the summer, it may require watering every 10-15 days, while in winter, it is advisable to space out watering much more widely.
- Avoid waterlogging: Excess water is the greatest risk for the plant, as it can cause root rot, an irreversible problem in most cases.
Regarding fertilization, it is recommended to fertilize during the period of active growth (spring and summer) with a Specific fertilizer for cacti and succulents low concentration, applying it once a month or following the manufacturer's guidelines.
Location: indoor or outdoor
La Euphorbia lactea It can be grown outdoors in mild climates. However, it is more commonly found as an indoor plant, where it stands out as a decorative element for its exotic appearance. If you place it inside your home, try to place it in a sunny window that provides at least 6 hours of light daily.
Avoid placing it in rooms with excessive humidity or where it's exposed to cold drafts. It thrives in living rooms, sunny hallways, or well-lit offices, always keeping in mind its toxicity to children and pets.
Pruning and maintenance
Despite being an undemanding plant, a light maintenance can improve your appearance and health:
- Remove dry leaves and stems or damaged to avoid outbreaks of disease.
- It is not necessary to prune intensively except for aesthetic or space reasons.
- In crested (cristata) plants, cuttings can stimulate more wavy growth, but should be made with clean tools and gloves to avoid contact with the latex.
Remember to disinfect the scissors before and after each cut.
Multiplication and propagation
La Euphorbia lactea It can be propagated by stem cuttings, although the process requires certain precautions due to the toxicity of its sap. To propagate the plant:
- Cut a segment of stem, preferably in spring or summer.
- Let the cut air dry for several days to allow it to heal and prevent infection.
- Plant the cutting in dry, draining substrate, without watering for the first few days.
- Provide indirect light while rooting and avoid excess moisture.
Crested specimens (cristata) are often obtained by grafting onto a normal Euphorbia lactea rootstock or onto other compatible species of the genus, which can result in fascinating combinations of shapes and colours.
Pests, diseases and common problems
- Root rot: Overwatering and inadequate soil can quickly cause the plant to collapse. Make sure the soil dries completely between waterings and that the pot has drainage holes.
- Chlorosis: If you notice your plant losing color or turning yellow, it may be due to a nutrient deficiency, especially iron. Apply appropriate fertilizers and ensure the substrate is balanced.
- Frost damage: Subzero temperatures seriously damage plant tissues, causing dark spots and loss of vigor. Protect your plant by moving it indoors or covering it with frost-resistant fabric.
- Pests: Although it's hardy, it can occasionally be attacked by mealybugs or mites. Manually remove visible pests, use biological treatments, and maintain proper ventilation to prevent them.
If the plant secretes latex from a cut or damage, remove the excess with absorbent paper and disinfect the area with cinnamon powder or a mild fungicide to prevent infection.
Benefits and uses of Euphorbia lactea
In addition to its ornamental value, having a Euphorbia lactea at home it provides environmental and decorative benefits:
- Contribute to improve air quality absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, like most photogenic plants.
- Its unique structure and varied shapes add personality and dynamism to any interior or exterior space, becoming a decorative focal point.
- Demand of low maintenance and drought resistant, ideal for those with a busy schedule or just starting out with succulents.
Precautions and toxicity
The latex of the Euphorbia lactea is toxicAvoid contact with skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, and take extra precautions if you live with small children or pets. Always handle it with thick gloves, and if you come into contact with latex, wash the affected area immediately with plenty of soap and water.
In case of accidental ingestion by pets or people, go quickly to a medical center or veterinarian for appropriate care.
La Euphorbia lactea It's an ideal plant for beginners in the world of succulents and for those seeking a hardy, undemanding, and visually striking option. Its drought tolerance, easy adaptation to indoor cultivation, and infrequent watering make it an excellent choice, as long as you follow some simple care guidelines and take the necessary precautions regarding its irritating latex. Its low maintenance and absence of serious pests allow you to enjoy its exotic beauty for years, filling your home with vitality and personality.
