What is the genus Lamium?
El genus Lamium belongs to the family Lamiaceae and comprises approximately between 30 and 50 species de herbaceous plants originating mainly from Europe, Asia and North AfricaAmong the best-known species are Lamium maculatum (spotted nettle), lamium album, Lamium galeobdolon (yellow nettle/yellow archangel), Lamium purpureum y Embrace LamiumThese plants are valued both for their ornamental value and for their hardiness and versatility in the garden.
lamium It is popularly known by several names, depending on the species, such as spotted nettle, chuchameles, dead nettle, yellow archangel u yellow nettleThese names refer to their similar appearance to the common nettle, although they differ notably because They do not have stinging hairs.
Characteristics and morphology of Lamium plants
The Lamium are perennials creeping or erect plants that can form dense vegetation covers. Generally, They do not exceed 15-60 cm in height, although they spread considerably in width thanks to their underground stolons, allowing them to quickly colonize the available space.
The leaves They are opposite, oval or triangular, with toothed margins and a slightly rough texture due to the hairs that cover them. They have a striking variegated pattern in shades of green, silver, or white, which varies according to the species and variety. Some subspecies, such as Lamium galeobdolon subsp. argentatum, exhibit a marked silver contrast against the deep green of the foliage.
The flowers Lamium are bilabiate and tubular, grouped in whorls in the leaf axils or in terminal inflorescences. The flower colors vary from bright yellow (Lamium galeobdolon) up to purple, pink or white (Lamium maculatum, Lamium album and other species). Its flowers attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies, promoting biodiversity in the garden.
El fruit It is a schizocarp that divides into four small nuts, which can be dispersed by animals or the wind, contributing to the expansion of the plant in the environment.
Distribution and natural habitat
lamium It is found in the wild in deciduous forests, shady thickets and roadsides in Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. They prefer areas with partial or full shade y moist but well-drained soilAlthough some species tolerate a certain degree of sun, their optimal development occurs in areas of constant humidity, especially under shrubs or trees where they can take advantage of the milder microclimate.
En regions outside their native areaIn other parts of the world, such as North America and Australia, some species of Lamium have been introduced as ornamental plants, but they are considered potentially invasive due to their ability to form dense vegetation mats that compete with native species.
General care of Lamium plants
The lamium They are appreciated in gardening for their low maintenance and ability to adapt to Adverse conditions. Below are the main aspects to consider for its cultivation and care:
- Light: They prefer partial or full shade. In mild climates, they can tolerate some sun, as long as the summer is not excessively hot. direct exposure In warm areas it can cause stress and wilting.
- Ground: They adapt to both calcareous soils as acidic, as long as they are well drained and contain organic material that retains moisture. Clay, silty, or sandy soils are equally suitable.
- Irrigation: They require irrigation regular, avoiding waterlogging so that the soil never dry completelyIn pots, watering should be more frequent. A good practice is to wait for the surface of the substrate to dry before watering again.
- Temperature and resistance: They are cold-resistant and tolerate light frosts. If temperatures drop too low, they may lose some of their foliage, sprouting vigorously again with the arrival of spring. They do not tolerate frost well. prolonged drought.
Fertilization, pruning and maintenance
The subscriber is essential to maximize growth. It is recommended to use organic fertilizer at the end of winter and provide a mineral fertilizer in spring to stimulate flowering and strengthen the plant.
With regards to pruning, is not strictly necessary. It is advisable remove wilted flowers and, above all, control the horizontal growth to prevent the plant from becoming invasive, especially in gardens where it shares space with less competitive species.
In case Lamium is used as plant cover or as a ground cover in the garden, simply trim the edges of the colonies when they invade paths or unwanted areas.
Multiplication and propagation
La propagation of Lamium It is very simple and effective. It can be done by division of bushes at any time of the year, although it is more advisable in spring or autumn to facilitate rooting. They can also be used cuttings Stems that root easily in moist, protected substrate. Some species allow seeds to be sown in autumn, although the fastest and most reliable method is rhizome division.
Ornamental uses and gardening applications
Thanks to its creeping form and your ability to spread rapidly, Lamium is ideal for Cover undergrowth, shaded gardens, slopes and areas under shrubs. It can be grown in pots and planters on terraces, patios or balconies, where it adds texture and color for much of the year.
Its flowers They provide a special decorative touch in spring and summer, while attract pollinators contributing to local biodiversity. They also perform well in wild gardens and naturalized landscaping, where other plants struggle to thrive.
Pests, diseases and common problems
The Lamium They are very resistant to pests and diseases common in the garden. Their main enemy is the drought, which can cause wilting and loss of vigor. In conditions of excessive humidity and poor ventilation, fungi can appear, so it is important to avoid waterlogging and maintain good ventilation. air circulation.
In regions where Lamium behaves like Invasive speciesTheir ability to form dense colonies can displace native species and disrupt local ecosystems. It's important to control their spread and, if necessary, limit their use to contained areas of the garden to avoid ecological problems.
Management and control of spread
If Lamium expansion is excessive, it can be controlled by:
- Manual extraction: Completely removing the plants along with their roots, avoiding leaving fragments that can regenerate.
- Mulching: Covering the soil with organic materials to hinder regrowth.
- Replanting: Replacing it with native species if it is found outside its natural range, especially in sensitive areas.
- Limitation on designed gardens: Reserving its use to contained areas to prevent uncontrolled expansion.
Differences between Lamium species
Each species of Lamium presents morphological and usage peculiarities in the garden. For example, Lamium galeobdolon It is recognized by its yellow flowers and leaves with silver markings, while Lamium maculatum It displays purple or pink flowers and leaves generally spotted with white. lamium album It stands out for its large white flowers compared to other species, and Lamium purpureum for its intense purple flowers and smaller size.
Plants of the genus Lamium, in addition to their ornamental value, provide benefits for biodiversity of the garden thanks to its resilience, low maintenance, and ability to thrive in adverse conditions. Proper management will allow you to enjoy its vibrant colors and texture in shady areas of the garden, promoting the health of the ecosystem in which it is integrated.