The lentils They are one of the most appreciated legumes both for their nutritional value, as well as their ease of cultivation. They constitute an excellent source of vegetable proteins, carbohydrates and iron, especially recommended to combat anemiaDuring the pregnancy and in the infant feeding. Learning to grow lentils at home allows you to enjoy a complete food, healthy and low cost.
What are the characteristics of lentil cultivation?
La lentil (scientific name: Lens esculenta) belongs to the family of Fabaceae and is known for being one of the oldest crops, originating in the region of Iraq, from where it spread to Europe, America and other parts of the world. It is an erect annual plant that can reach between 20 and 50 cm tall, adapting to temperate climates and varying depending on the variety grown. Lentils are notable for their deep or shallow root system, depending on the size of the seed, paripinnate leaves and small flowers, usually white or blue.
When and how to plant lentils?
El sowing time varies according to the climate. In warm areas with mild winters, it is recommended sow in autumnIn cold areas, it's best to sow after the frost has passed. You can also start growing indoors, using seedbeds or pots, a few weeks before the end of winter and transplant when the risk of frost has passed. optimal temperature for its growth ranges between 6 and 28 ° CAvoid exposure to frost, as they are sensitive to extreme cold.
The ideal soil should be deep, well aerated, rich in organic matter and with efficient drainage. The pH can vary between 5,5 and 9. Before planting, prepare the land adding organic fertilizer such as compost or worm castings. Seeds can be soaked overnight to facilitate germination. Sow seeds at a depth of about 5 cm, leaving 15 cm apart between them.
Essential care for growing lentils
- Irrigation: Lentils tolerate drought, but require gentle watering to keep the soil moist, but not waterlogged. Reduce watering when the pods begin to dry out.
- Sunlight: Requires direct sun exposure. Look for a sunny location.
- Maintenance: It is recommended remove weeds to avoid competition and facilitate plant development.
- Support: Although not required, it can be helpful to place a low trellis to support the plant's stems and prevent it from falling over.
- Aeration: Plants should be spaced apart to promote air circulation and reduce the risk of fungus.
Lentil is a nitrogen-fixing legume thanks to its symbiosis with bacteria of the genus RhizobiumThis reduces the need for nitrogen fertilizer, although it does require phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements. If other legumes are present in the soil, the bacteria are likely present naturally.
Pests, diseases and harvest
During development, it is necessary to monitor the appearance of aphids, fungi and weevilsA well-aerated area and weed control contribute to the preventionThe harvest takes place between 80 and 110 days After planting, when the plant begins to dry out. Cut the stems and hang them upside down in a dry place. Once completely dry, extract the seeds shaking off the stems; the remains can be used to make compost.
By following these steps, you'll be able to grow lentils in your garden and harvest a great source of protein and minerals, perfect for all kinds of recipes. Plus, you'll have complete control over their cultivation, ensuring a natural and fresh product.
More information - Germinated by seeds
