What are Lithops or living stones?
Nature surprises us with unique botanical jewels such as Lithops, commonly known as "living stones." Although they are often confused with cacti, they actually belong to the family Aizoaceae. Its stone-like appearance, both in Oval shaped With a color palette that encompasses shades of gray, green, brown, and even pink and purple, it's a masterful adaptation for surviving in the deserts of southern Africa. This ability to camouflage themselves effectively protects them from herbivores and helps them go unnoticed in their natural habitat.
Morphology and curiosities
Its peculiar structure consists of two fleshy leaves separated by a central cleft from which flowers and new shoots emerge. Over the years, each plant may form several "bodies" or "heads." The leaves may look smooth, rough textures or present patterns of dots and lines that vary according to the species and the type of soil where they grow. There are more than 35 different species and more than 100 varieties of Lithops, each with its own unique shades and patterns that make them irresistible to collectors.
Another interesting fact is their longevity: if properly cared for, Lithops can live for decades, with some specimens easily exceeding 30 years.
Life cycle and flowering of Lithops
The annual cycle of Lithops is perfectly adapted to arid climates. In late summer and early autumn, they develop a single white or yellow flower that emerges from the central cleft. Flowering usually lasts a few days, and the flower closes at night. After flowering, a new pair of leaves begins to develop inside, feeding on the water and nutrients stored in the old leaves, which gradually dry out.
The most delicate period is leaf shedding, which usually occurs between spring and early summer. It is essential do not water during this process, as extra moisture can cause the plant to rot.
Care and recommendations for Lithops
- Light: Lithops require plenty of direct sunlight, between 4 and 6 hours a day. Ideally, they should be placed next to a bright east- or south-facing window. If there is insufficient light, the plant will stretch and lose its characteristic shape.
- Irrigation: Irrigation is the critical aspect for their survival. Never water when old leaves are reabsorbing or the flower is wilted. Only water when the substrate is completely dry and the plant looks slightly wrinkled. In humid climates, they can go months without watering.
- Temperature: They prefer warm, dry temperatures. Avoid exposing them to frost or temperatures below 10°C. They are very sensitive to intense cold and high humidity.
- Substratum: Use a very porous substrate with little organic matter and excellent drainage. A mixture of coarse sand, perlite, and gravel is ideal. Pots should be deep to accommodate their long roots.
- Ventilation: Although they are usually grown indoors to protect them from birds, it is important that the environment is well ventilated to avoid fungal diseases or rot.
- Fertilizer: They don't require regular fertilization. If the substrate is severely depleted after several years, you can apply a diluted cactus fertilizer only in spring and fall, never in winter or summer.
Multiplication and transplantation
Lithops propagation is usually done by seeds, which are obtained after pollinating the flowers. If you prefer to multiply them by dividing the clump, do so with extreme care when separating the stems. Transplanting should be done every 2 or 3 years, always with dry substrate and avoiding watering for several days afterward.
Diseases, pests and common mistakes
- Overwatering rot: The main cause of death for Lithops. If the leaves begin to swell or crack, stop watering immediately.
- Pests: Mealybugs, mites, and flyworms can attack the plant. If they appear, treat with a suitable insecticide and adjust ventilation and watering.
- Lack of light: Abnormal stretching indicates that the plant needs more sun.
Most popular types and varieties
Among the favorite species and varieties of Lithops are: Lithops karasmontana, L. salicola, L. optica, L. aucampiae, L. dorotheae, L. verruculosa and many more, each with unique color and texture combinations. This diversity is one of the great attractions for those looking to start a collection.
Benefits of having Lithops at home
Thanks to their compact size and low maintenance, Lithops are perfect for Small spaces and people looking for original plants. In addition, its resistance and longevity make them an excellent choice for those new to the world of succulents. Learn how to grow Lithops helps you better understand your specific needs.
Lithops are a true botanical treasure, ideal for both experts and beginners, offering a fascinating blend of beauty, survival, and natural adaptation in a minimalist, low-maintenance format.
More information - Succulent plants, resistant to lack of water.