Nutritional properties and benefits of peas
The pea, also known as pea or pea, is a legume belonging to the Fabaceae family, recognized both for its nutritional value as well as its ease of cultivation. It is a food rich in carbohydrates, vegetable proteins and fiber, which makes it an excellent ally for athletes and physically active people, as it helps to regulate and generate the energy required for the muscles during exercise. In addition, they stand out in their composition B vitamins and vitamin A.
These nutrients contribute to keep blood glucose levels stable and promote the efficient metabolism of other foods. It also contains betacarotenos, antioxidant compounds that help fight free radicals responsible for premature aging. Because of their protein content, peas are ideal for children, young people and people in stages of growth, promoting cell development and renewal.
Among the notable minerals are: potassium, iron, as well as beneficial phytochemicals, such as lutein, zeaxanthin y carotenosThese contribute to visual health and strengthen the immune system.
Main varieties and characteristics of peas
The pea or pea (Pisum sativum) is a annual plant which comes in various varieties, adapting to different climates and uses:
- Round and smooth peas: These varieties are rustic, early and very resistant to cold, which makes them ideal for early sowing.
- Wrinkled peas: Less adapted to early cultivation and more resistant to moderate heatThey are valued for their sweet taste.
- Peas for whole consumption: They are harvested in the pod, still green and before the seeds have fully developed. They are highly prized in cooking for their tender texture.
There are varieties creepers which can easily exceed 70 cm in height, requiring some support or guidance system. Other varieties, more compact (between 45 and 70 cm), generally do not need a tutor. In addition, there are forage varieties intended for animal feed.
The flowers of the pea are hermaphrodites and are usually self-fertilize. However, cross-pollination can occur due to insect activity. To minimize this risk, it is advisable to leave a minimum distance of 15 meters between varieties, or a few meters if there are natural barriers such as hedges or rows of trees. In orchards with limited space, the use of a mosquito net It is effective in protecting flowers and preventing mixing of varieties.
How to grow peas step by step?
Climate and soil requirements
The pea prefers temperate climates and its cultivation is very flexible. Although it adapts to various conditions, it suffers if temperatures greatly exceed 30ºC during the flowering, as this prevents proper fertilization. Therefore, it is important adapt the sowing calendar to local conditions, especially in hot or very cold areas.
El optimal soil for the cultivation of peas it must be light, well-drained and with good organic matter contentIt is advisable to carry out a prior preparation of the land incorporating mature compost or organic fertilizer to improve structure and fertility.
Planting and initial care
- Planting time: In temperate climates, it is recommended to sow in late winter or early springIn frost-free areas, some varieties allow earlier sowing.
- Sowing: The seeds should be buried 2-3 cm deep and with a separation of 5-7 cm between them. Between rows you should leave at least 30 cm of space to allow good development of the plants and facilitate their management.
- Tutoring: For climbing varieties, it is essential to place tutors or networks from the beginning to prevent plants from falling over and ensure vertical growth.
- Irrigation: The pea requires a regular watering, avoiding waterlogging, especially during flowering and pod development to maximize the harvest.
Cultural care and essential work
During the development of the plant, it is essential keep the soil free of weeds and carry out work hilled (bring soil closer to the stem) to promote stability and root development. Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers is not advisable, since peas are legumes capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen into the soil thanks to their symbiosis with rhizobial bacteria.
Control of pests and diseases
Peas can be affected by pests such as weevil (Bruchus pisorum), which lays its eggs under the skin of the seeds before harvest. To eliminate these insects, simply store the seeds in the freezer for a few daysIt is also important to monitor the presence of aphids and powdery mildew, using ecological or biological control methods in case of infestations.
Harvesting, selecting and preserving seeds
La pea harvest For fresh consumption, it is harvested when the pods have reached their maximum development but are still green and tender. For seed production, it is recommended to reserve a section of the crop without harvesting the pods, allowing them to mature. mature completely on the floor. You can also consult More details on how to maintain a healthy pea crop.
Once the plants have been completely dried, we proceed to shelled of the pods, which can be done manually or by simple mechanical methods (gently tapping or passing over the pods). After shelling, it is essential remove waste with a sieve or by blowing, ensuring that only clean seeds remain.
To check the maturity and dryness of the seed, just bite into one: if the tooth doesn't leave a mark, the seed is ready to be stored. It's essential label correctly the seeds indicating the variety and harvest data, always protecting the label inside the container.
The pea seeds They maintain their viability for 3 to 8 years, especially if stored in cool and dry placesProper storage prolongs shelf life and facilitates exchange or replanting in future seasons.
Tips for sustainable pea cultivation
- Crop rotation: Alternate pea cultivation with other botanical families to prevent the accumulation of pests and diseases in the soil.
- Organic fertilization: Use crop residues as green manure, naturally improving soil fertility.
- Beneficial associations: Grow peas next to carrots, radishes, or lettuce to encourage mutual growth and reduce harmful insects.
Growing peas is an excellent option for self-sufficiency and organic farming, thanks to their rapid growth, low input requirements, and high nutritional value. By following these tips and care guidelines, you can achieve abundant harvests and quality seeds, bringing flavor and health to your table year-round.
