What is pennyroyal?
The pennyroyal of mount is the popular name of several species of the genus Bystropogon, Especially Bystropogon canariensis y Bystropogon origanifolius, native to the Canary Islands and Madeira. Often confused with other pennyroyal species such as Mentha pulegium o Clinopodium macrostemum (endemic to Mexico), the wild pennyroyal is distinguished by its characteristic menthol aroma and its value in both traditional medicine and modern phytotherapy.
It is a small or medium-sized shrub, with opposite, green, lanceolate leaves, covered with hairs that help the plant retain moisture, making it resistant to cool, mountain environments. Its small flowers, in shades of white or pink, emerge in dense inflorescences, making them attractive to local pollinators.
Composition and active ingredients of mountain pennyroyal
The species of wild pennyroyal stand out for their rich aromatic chemical composition. Its essential oils They contain terpenes such as pulegone, menthone, limonene, piperitone, and, depending on the variety, linalool. These compounds are responsible for their medicinal properties and provide the characteristic fresh, minty aroma.
- Pulegona: with expectorant action and antimicrobial effects.
- Menthone: promotes relaxation and contributes to its digestive effect.
- Linalool: Predominant in Mexican species, it provides calming properties.
- Limonene and piperitone: antioxidants that strengthen the immune system.
It is important to highlight that the content of these substances may vary depending on the species, climate and collection location.
Medicinal properties and health benefits
The pennyroyal of mount It has been known since ancient times as a natural remedy in local cultures and herbal medicine. Below are its main proven and traditional benefits:
- Improves digestion and relieves stomach discomfort such as indigestion, gas and heartburn, thanks to its essential oils that stimulate digestive secretions and reduce gastrointestinal spasms.
- Relaxing effect on the nervous system, recommended in cases of nervousness, stress, insomnia and even to promote sleep night rest.
- Expectorant and anti-catarrhal properties, very popular in folk medicine, to decongest respiratory tracts in colds and flu.
- Antioxidant action, helping to combat free radicals and prevent premature cellular aging.
- Strengthening the immune system, for its contribution of minerals and antimicrobial compounds.
- Traditionally, in some regions of Mexico (Clinopodium macrostemum) is attributed with properties to relieve hangovers and help with sleep, in addition to its ritual use to attract abundance and fertility.
Some species of pennyroyal, such as Bystropogon origanifolius, have been subject to research due to the ability of its oils to act against bacteria, viruses and fungi, increasing its prestige as a natural therapeutic resource.
Main uses and forms of consumption
The pennyroyal of mount It is primarily used as an infusion, although traditional topical applications also exist in some regions for respiratory or ritual purposes. The most widespread uses include:
- Digestive infusion: Use one teaspoon of dried leaves and tops for every cup of water. Ideal after meals. helping to prevent heaviness and other digestive disorders.
- Expectorant infusion: To relieve colds or congestion, the infusion can be taken hot before meals.
- Traditional topical use: In the Canary Islands, there is a custom of placing fresh leaves in the nostrils to decongest the nose during colds.
- Home remedies: The infusion can be enhanced with honey, lemon, and, in some cases, almond oil to treat bronchitis or flu.
- Healthy combinations: In Mexican communities, pennyroyal (Clinopodium macrostemum) is added to traditional punches and consumed with milk to reinforce its relaxing effect.
Recommended do not exceed the usual doses and always consult a doctor or specialist before starting long-term treatments, especially in children, pregnant or nursing women, or people with kidney or liver disease.
Care and cultivation of wild pennyroyal
The pennyroyal of mount It is a plant that requires certain care to develop optimally, especially if you want to grow it in gardens or orchards:
- Climate and location: It prefers cool, wooded environments with partial sun exposure. It tolerates cold but not prolonged frost.
- Substratum: A well-drained, slightly acidic soil rich in organic matter is advisable.
- Irrigation: Moderate, avoiding waterlogging. Its pubescent stems and leaves help the plant to retain water, which is why it can withstand short periods of drought.
- Pruning: Light pruning stimulates growth and maintains the compact shape of the shrub.
- Spread: It can be propagated by seed or, more efficiently, by cuttings. Recent research recommends the use of sawdust as a substrate to increase rooting rate and reduce costs.
- Flowering: Generally, flowering occurs in the cool months, and it is important to collect the tops before full bloom to enhance the concentration of essential oils.
Because the plant is sensitive Due to the alteration of its habitat, especially in some endemic regions, it is recommended to use sustainable cultivation methods and avoid indiscriminate collection in the wild.
Contraindications, precautions and possible side effects
The normal use of mountain pennyroyal in infusions is usually safe, but it is essential to know its possible risks, especially due to its content of oils such as pulegone and menthone, which in excess can be toxic:
- High doses: Excessive consumption can affect the liver or kidneys, especially if concentrated essential oils are used.
- Pregnancy and lactation: It is not recommended for use in pregnant or nursing women or young children, except under professional supervision.
- Previous illnesses: People with liver or kidney conditions should consult their doctor before consuming the plant.
- Interactions: It may interact with some medications, potentiating or inhibiting its effect.
- Allergic reactions: Although rare, they can occur in sensitive people.
To date, no cases of toxicity have been documented with traditional use of the infusion, provided the recommended doses are followed. Pure essential oil, in any case, should only be used under professional supervision.
Other curiosities and ethnographic value
Pennyroyal is not only a medicinal plant, but is also part of the cultural identity of many regions. In the Canary Islands, "agüita de pennyroyal" is traditionally used at gatherings and celebrations, while in Mexico, pennyroyal is used in rituals to attract goodwill. prosperity.
The gender Bystropogon It is a natural resource appreciated both for infusions and for aromatizing environments and adding value ornamental to the garden. Its hardiness, easy propagation, and adaptability make it a recommended plant for those seeking natural remedies and native plants.
For all these reasons, wild pennyroyal is a botanical treasure that combines tradition, well-being, and nature. Taking care of its cultivation and respecting the recommended doses allows you to enjoy all its benefits for health in a safe and responsible manner, both at the table and in popular culture.