Since ancient times, peppermint has been recognized for its notable aromatic and therapeutic properties. This hybrid plant, the result of crossing the aquatic mint (Aquatic Mentha) and peppermint (mentha spicata), has conquered both traditional and modern cuisine and medicine. Today, it continues to gain prominence as a natural remedy compared to chemical alternatives, as well as an indispensable ingredient in many homes and gardens due to its ease of cultivation, intense aroma, and multiple applications.
What is peppermint?
La Peppermint; (Mentha x piperite) is a perennial herbaceous plant, originating from the cross between mint and spearmintThis hybridization, experienced naturally and later selectively cultivated, was established in England and quickly spread to temperate climates around the world. It belongs to the Lamiaceae family, like other well-known aromatic herbs such as oregano, rosemary, and pennyroyal.
Recognized for its great adaptability, this perennial plant has quadrangular, highly branched stems that can reach between 30 and 80 centimeters in height. The oval leaves, dark green on the upper surface and lighter green on the underside, have serrated edges and a slightly hairy texture. The flowers, clustered in dense terminal spikes, are usually pale violet or pink and appear near summer, making the plant an attractive ornamental as well as a functional one.
Peppermint is cultivated mainly for its essential oil, whose main component is menthol, along with other active compounds such as menthone, piperitenol, and flavonoids. These elements provide not only the classic refreshing aroma, but also a significant range of medicinal and culinary benefits. Furthermore, there are notable differences between peppermint and spearmint: while the former exhibits a sweeter and less spicy flavor, mint is more refreshing and has a more penetrating aroma, being more common in Mediterranean cuisine.
Main properties and benefits of peppermint
Among the many properties of peppermint, the following stand out:
- Antispasmodic and digestive: Relieves digestive discomfort, abdominal bloating, indigestion, nausea and helps prevent gas formation.
- Appetizer: stimulates the appetite and facilitates the absorption of nutrients.
- Carminative: combats the formation of flatulence and contributes to better digestion.
- Anti-inflammatory and analgesic: reduces muscle pain, headaches and tension.
- Antiseptic and antibacterial: ideal for oral care and prevention of bad breath.
- Choleretic and cholagogue: stimulates the production and expulsion of bile, benefiting the hepatic system.
- Antitussive, bronchodilator and decongestant: It promotes the cleansing of the respiratory tract, helps relieve colds, coughs and nasal congestion.
- Tonic and stimulant: traditionally used to combat states of weakness and fatigue.
- Antioxidant: protects cells against oxidative damage.
- Refreshing and soothing: Its topical application refreshes the skin, relieves bites and irritations.
These benefits make peppermint an ally in everyday health, covering everything from minor ailments to digestive, muscular, respiratory, and skin care.
How to grow and propagate peppermint?
El peppermint cultivation It's simple, making it an excellent choice for both amateur and expert gardeners. Below are the key factors for achieving a vigorous and productive plant:
Climate and location requirements
- Optimum temperature: between 13 and 21 degrees Celsius, although it can withstand lower temperatures at rest.
- Light: It adapts to both semi-shade and direct sunlight, preferring places with good lighting but sheltered from intense and continuous sun exposure.
- Windbreak: In windy areas, it is advisable to install curtains or barriers to minimize damage and dehydration of the plant.
Soil characteristics
- Floor type: Fertile, with a good amount of organic matter, loose, well-drained, and preferably loamy or sandy-clay soil. Calcareous soils are ideal.
- soil pH: slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, between 6 and 7,5.
- Avoid: soils that are too compact, dry or waterlogged, as they affect growth and the production of essential oils.
Irrigation and humidity
- Peppermint requires constantly moist soils, but not waterlogged. Watering should be frequent, especially during the hot months, taking care to ensure the substrate doesn't dry out.
- In pots, good drainage must be ensured.
Fertilization
- The contribution of fertilizers, preferably organic or balanced rich in nitrogen, favors a vigorous development and an optimal content of essential oils.
- Before fertilizing, it is recommended to perform a soil analysis to determine its exact needs.
reproduction and multiplication
- By cuttings: The most common method involves taking cuttings from healthy stems, about 10-15 cm long, leaving a few leaves, and planting them in moist soil. They root easily in water or directly in loose soil.
- By rhizomes or stolons: Dividing the underground rhizomes of adult plants and transplanting them to their final location, leaving them at a depth of 4 to 8 cm and maintaining moisture until they sprout.
- It can also be propagated from small seedlings obtained by cutting the stolons as they grow.
Maintenance works
- Regular weeding: eliminate weeds to avoid competition and contamination of the aroma and essence.
- In extensive crops, it is recommended to alternate mechanical and manual methods according to the needs of the plantation.
- During spring and summer, watch for common pests such as aphids and rust, controlling it with natural methods if organic farming is sought.
Crop duration and renewal
Although mint can survive for several years in the same location, it is advisable to replant it every one or two years to prevent a decline in yield and essential oil quality. As the runners spread, they quickly cover the ground and make mechanical weeding difficult.
Harvest and post-harvest
- When to harvest: Harvesting for culinary and medicinal use takes place when the flower buds begin to open, the time of maximum concentration of essential oils.
- For the industrial production of essences, the cut is made in full bloom.
- Harvesting should be done on sunny days, preferably in the morning or at dusk.
- Dry the leaves and flowers in the shade, in a ventilated place, avoiding humidity that could blacken them or diminish their qualities.
- Once dry, store in airtight containers and protect from light.
Culinary uses of peppermint
La Peppermint; It is a fundamental ingredient in international cuisine, thanks to its refreshing aroma and unique flavor. Its uses in cooking are as versatile as its medicinal properties:
- Infusions and teas: An infusion of fresh or dried leaves is very popular for aiding digestion and providing refreshment after heavy meals. It can be combined with other digestive herbs such as dandelion, boldo, or barberry.
- Desserts and ice creams: Essential in recipes for mint ice cream, mousse, creams, cakes, or to enhance the flavor of chocolate and other sweets.
- Sauces and dressings: Base for sauces such as the traditional English mint sauce, perfect for accompanying meats, especially lamb.
- Salads and cold dishes: The fresh leaves add a refreshing touch to salads such as tabbouleh and fruit and vegetable dishes.
- Liquors and beverages: An essential ingredient in many liqueurs and cocktails, such as the mojito, and traditional drinks from different cultures.
- Sweets, candies and chewing gum: Menthol is widely used by the food industry to flavor these products.
In Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisine, it is widely used to flavor both hot and cold dishes, soups, creams, and various traditional recipes. It is also used in the homemade production of flavored oils and vinegars, ideal for salads and marinades.
Popular recipes with peppermint
peppermint tea
Ingredients: one tablespoon of fresh or dried peppermint leaves per cup of water.
Preparation: Boil the water, add the leaves, cover, and let it steep for 5 to 10 minutes. Strain before serving. It can be served alone or sweetened with honey, or combined with other digestive herbs.
mint cream
Perfect for filling cakes and pastries, mint cream is made with butter, sugar, and a few drops of natural mint essence (extracted from fresh leaves soaked in vegetable oil). It's ideal for decorating and flavoring refreshing desserts.
Mint ice cream
It can be made by whisking together milk, single cream, egg yolks, and sugar, adding crushed mint leaves and chilling the mixture in the freezer, stirring periodically to achieve a smooth, creamy texture.
Medicinal and cosmetic uses of peppermint
Beyond gastronomy, the Peppermint; It is recognized in phytotherapy and natural cosmetics for a wide range of applications:
- Relief from digestive problems: Very effective in reducing abdominal pain, gas, gastric spasms, and nausea. Its infusion is recommended after heavy meals or in cases of dyspepsia.
- Decongestant and expectorant: The steam from its infusion or a few drops of essential oil applied to the chest helps relieve nasal congestion, coughs, and colds.
- Analgesic and anti-inflammatory: Used in the form of diluted essential oil for massages, it helps with muscle pain, migraines (applied to the temples) and neuralgia.
- Relief from oral ailments: Gargling and infusions can be helpful for sore throats, mouth ulcers, and halitosis.
- Soothes skin irritations: Applied to the skin using compresses to soothe bites, hives, or minor irritations.
- Menstrual cycle regulator: Infusions can soothe intense menstrual discomfort.
- Nerve relaxant: Its aroma helps reduce nervousness and can promote a good night's rest.
- Natural cosmetics and hygiene: It is commonly used in toothpaste, mouthwashes, and cleaning and hygiene products for its antiseptic and refreshing properties.
Peppermint is also used in aromatherapy: the essential oil, always diluted, is ideal for revitalizing massages and toning baths. Thanks to its disinfectant and soothing properties, it is a popular ingredient in creams, masks, and skin and hair care products.
Ways of use and preparation
- Infusion: For digestive or sedative use, take one or two cups a day.
- Capsules: Suitable for adults and children over 8 years of age, always following the manufacturer's recommendations and under professional supervision.
- Essential oil: Apply diluted to the skin to relieve muscle pain or inhale to combat nasal congestion. Never use undiluted on the skin or ingest without consulting a doctor.
- Compresses or baths: Add a few drops of essential oil to warm water and apply to the affected area, or immerse your body in an aromatic bath.
- Chew fresh leaves: to combat bad breath and promote oral health.
Warnings and contraindications of peppermint
- La mint intolerance This may manifest as insomnia, irritability, or bronchospasm. If an adverse reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately.
- Essential oil is not recommended in children under 5 years, especially on the neck and nape of the neck, nor the use of infusions or extracts in children under 2 years of age.
- Avoid consumption during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as it can alter the flavor of milk and produce adverse effects on the infant.
- People with heartburn or hiatal hernia may experience an increase in their symptoms after consuming mint preparations.
- Always use the essential oil Diluted, avoiding contact with eyes and mucous membranes. Consult a healthcare professional before starting any regular treatment.
Peppermint has established itself as a plant essential both in the world of gardening and in the home For its ease of cultivation, its many beneficial properties, and its unmistakable aroma. From enhancing the flavor of dishes, to digestive infusions and revitalizing teas, to providing natural relief from everyday ailments, peppermint remains an invaluable ally in everyday life, offering health, freshness, and well-being in all its uses.
