Growing in containers is an affordable way to obtain healthy and productive plants on balconies, patios or bright interiors. With clear principles on choice of species, irrigation, pot size and substrate, anyone can enjoy flowers and vegetables without having a garden.
Key factors to get it right from the start
- Choose species adapted to the place. Observe how many hours of direct sunlight the area receives, and whether there is wind or shade during the central hours. In very hot areas, it is advisable to plant species resistant to intense heat; in cold areas, species with good frost tolerance or protect the pots. Consult the rusticity zone of each species to ensure its viability.
- If in doubt, don't water.In a pot, too much water is more lethal than too little. Most species appreciate a substrate that partially dry out between waterings To prevent root rot, insert a finger 3-4 cm deep and water only if you notice dryness.
- Pot size matters. Large containers stabilize humidity and temperature, and offer more root volumeUnglazed clay transpires and requires more watering; plastic or resin retains moisture better. In full sun, light colors prevent overheating from the roots.
- Use an aerated and fast-draining substrate. Prevent compaction. Mix universal substrate with perlite (≈1/3) and coconut fiber (≈1/3) to gain lightness; add a layer of expanded clay or pieces of ceramic on the bottom to protect the drainage holes.
Pots and substrates: how to choose well
For fruiting vegetables like tomatoes, peppers, or eggplant, look for pots at least 30 cm in diameter and depthThe extra volume retains moisture better and reduces temperature spikes. It ensures several wide holes water outlet. Terracotta facilitates oxygenation of the root ball; dark containers can help temper the substrate in cool climates.
The ideal culture medium should drain quickly and retain sufficient moisture at the same time. Combine quality substrate with perlite and coconut fiber to prevent compaction. If you are growing acidophilic species (e.g. blueberries), adjust the pH with a specific substrate for acidophilic plants.
Error-free watering and fertilization
The golden rule is the regularityMaintain a stable humidity level to prevent fruit cracking or flower drop. Always check before watering: if the substrate is fresh, wait; if it's dry, water until pick by the holesIn summer, irrigation at dusk reduces evaporation; in winter, midmorning prevents frost on the root ball. Watering by immersion It is useful on small plants or hydrophobic substrates.
After transplanting to new substrate, avoid fertilizing for a while because the medium itself already provides available nutrients. When it's time, prioritize earthworm humus or slow-release fertilizers; with liquids, use doses slightly lower to the label to protect roots. For fruit vegetables, a contribution of Calcium helps prevent blossom end rot.
Light, location and climate
Most vegetables appreciate between 6 and 8 hours direct sunlight. Root pots where the sun path is favorable and move them with the change of season if necessary. Avoid direct sunlight. direct sun on newly germinated seedlings; they prefer intense but filtered light for the first few days. If you grow indoors, rely on artificial light full spectrum. Consider the microclimates of your space (warmer corners, currents, reflective walls).
Step-by-step guide to planting in pots
- Select quality seeds from reliable suppliers and check the instructions on the envelope.
- Choose the pot with good drainage and clean the container if it is reused.
- Prepare the substrate lightweight: universal substrate + perlite + coconut fiber; place expanded clay on the bottom.
- Sowing at depth indicated (usually 0,5-2 cm). You can pre-germinate on damp kitchen paper and move them when they appear estate.
- Water gently using a sprayer or a fine rose watering can. A perforated film can create an effect greenhouse until they sprout.
- Place in a bright area without direct sunlight the first few days and keep the humidity stable, never flooded.
Practical examples by crop
Tomato (cherry or determinate). Sow in a seedbed at 0,5 cm; germinate in warm temperatures and good light. Transplant with two pairs of true leaves in a 20-30 cm deep pot with a support if necessary. Exposure to at least 6 hours of sunlight; water regularly without flooding; and apply organic fertilizer every 2-3 weeks during active growth. Complement your crop with specific techniques for better results.
Parsley. Direct sowing at 0,5 cm in a deep pot with drainage. Germination slow but constant. It prefers bright light without strong sunlight, moderate humidity and cuts of outer sheets to stimulate new growth. You can learn more about recipes and varieties of parsley.
Fast leaves and rootsLettuce and chard thrive in deep planters with frequent watering and soft light; radishes complete their cycle in just a few weeks, ideal for staggered sowingFor carrots, use deep containers, loose substrate and constant moisture for roots. straight. Learn more at how to plant lettuce in a pot.
Easy flowers (e.g., marigolds). Shallow or shallow sowing in light substrate, located in sun or semi-shade depending on the species, remove wilted flowers and fertilize at light doses to prolong flowering.
Ornamental plants in small pots
Pothos (Epipremnum): plenty of indirect light, watering when the substrate dries out and the possibility of cutting. Fitonias: high humidity and filtered light. Sansevierias: they tolerate some drought and grow vertical, perfect for corners. Succulent: spaced waterings and very good substrate draining.
Inspect regularly to prevent plagues and diseases. Remove dry leaves and keep the edges of the pots clean. If temperatures drop significantly, bring sensitive plants inside when the nights are cold and check that the root ball is not covered with water. hosts undesirable. At the end of the growing season, empty, clean, and store the containers so they're ready for the next season.
With a good choice of species, an aerated substrate, measured irrigation and sufficient light, the pots become a fertile and decorative space where you can enjoy vigorous plants and quality harvests throughout the year.