Portulacaria afra variegata, popularly known as tree of abundance, coins o elephant tree, is one of the most prized succulents by both collectors and those seeking a hardy, ornamental plant for indoors or outdoors. There is a widespread belief that those who have this plant will never lack money in their home, which has made it a symbol of prosperity and good fortune, especially in the world of feng shui.
Although Portulacaria afra in its original form is already beautiful and resistant, the variegata variety It stands out even more for the contrast of its leaves, which range in shades of green, cream, and even pink when it receives plenty of sunlight. But what really differentiates Portulacaria afra variegata from the common version? What are its specific characteristics, benefits, and how to ensure its proper maintenance both at home and in the garden? In this comprehensive guide, we'll delve into all these aspects, integrating expert knowledge, interesting facts, and practical advice from other leading sources on the subject.
Characteristics of Portulacaria afra and its variegated version
Portulacaria afra, or tree of plenty, is a evergreen succulent plant Native to southern Africa, where it grows wild in semi-arid regions and is a common food source for animals such as elephants and goats. It is a very hardy species, able to withstand extreme temperatures and prolonged periods of drought. Its leaves are small, fleshy, oval-shaped and of a intense green; its stems are usually brown in the regular version and reddish in the variegated one.
In optimal outdoor conditions (adequate soil and space), it can reach up to Meters 6, acquiring the appearance of a tree. However, when grown in pots, its size rarely exceeds one meter, remaining more compact and perfect for limited spaces.
La Portulacaria afra variegata present an natural genetic mutation which gives it mottled leaves with cream and green patterns. When this variety receives plenty of sunlight, the edges of its leaves can acquire pink hues, further enhancing its decorative value. The young stem of the variegata is reddish, making it easy to distinguish from the type species.
Main differences between Portulacaria afra and Portulacaria afra variegata
- Size and color of the leaves: The common afra has completely green leaves, while the variegated one shows different shades of green mixed with cream and, occasionally, pink on the edges.
- Stem color: The stem of the variegata tends to a reddish color, contrasting with the brown of the typical species.
- Growth: Both are slow to grow, although the variegated version can be somewhat more delicate in direct sunlight, especially during extreme heat waves.
Popular names and curiosities
- Money tree / Money plant / Coins: Because of the shape of its leaves, associated with coins, and the belief that they attract prosperity.
- Elephant bush o SpekboomIn Africa, it is known as “Spekboom” (meaning “bacon bush” in Afrikaans) and is a food source for local wildlife, especially elephants.
- Dwarf Jade Plant: It is called this because of its resemblance to Crassula ovata, although its leaves are smaller and its stems are thinner.
Fun FactIn South Africa, Portulacaria landscapes are so dense that some accounts say that before large-scale agriculture one could "walk over them" due to the density of the bush.
Flowering of Portulacaria afra variegata
One of the lesser-known characteristics is its ability, although very rare, to flower. In its natural habitat Or under very specific conditions, it can develop small, pale pink to white flowers. In domestic cultivation, flowering is extremely difficult to observe, as it often requires marked changes in temperature and light, and in most cases, even well-established adult plants do not bloom. The flowers appear in clusters and usually do so in late winter or early spring.
Uses and benefits of Portulacaria afra variegata
- Air purifier: It is a succulent notable for its ability to absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, being recognized as one of the best "carbon sequestrants" in existence.
- Food and culinary useIn its native region, the fresh leaves are considered edible and provide a slightly acidic flavor, similar to a green apple. They are used in salads and as a decorative touch on gourmet dishes.
- Traditional medicinal use: The crushed leaves have been used as a natural soothing agent for burns and minor wounds.
- Bonsai: It is highly valued in the world of bonsai due to its ease of shaping and adaptation to cultivation in small pots.
Keys to caring for Portulacaria afra variegata
Location and lighting
Portulacaria afra variegata prefers high sun exposure. Ideally, place it where it receives intense light, either direct sun or very bright semi-shade. The more light it receives, best colors It will show on the leaves. If grown indoors, place it near windows with plenty of natural light. In areas with very hot and dry climates, it is recommended to protect it from the most intense midday sun during heat waves, as the leaves may burn.
- In northern regions or with moderate temperatures, direct exposure to the sun is preferable.
- In southern, arid areas or with very hot summers, tolerate it in semi-shade after the central hours.
Without enough light, it will grow weak, losing the good tone of its leaves and becoming more prone to disease.
Optimal temperature and resistance
Portulacaria afra variegata can withstand extreme temperatures, from values close to zero (around 0-5°C) to over 35°C. However, it's best not to expose it to continuous frost, as although it can withstand occasional frosts, prolonged frosts can seriously damage the plant. In cold winters, keep it indoors or in a well-lit greenhouse.
- In temperate climates, it can remain outdoors all year round.
- In areas with frequent frost, move it indoors in winter.
- In summer, its resistance allows it to survive hot days, although it is always advisable to avoid direct exposure to the sun during the hottest hours.
Recommended soil type and substrate
One of the main advantages of Portulacaria afra variegata is its low demands on the soil. However, for optimal development, it should be planted in well-draining substrates, preferably:
- Special substrate for cacti and succulents, or a universal mixture with perlite, coarse sand or gravel.
- Make sure the pot has drainage holes and place a gravel layer, expanded clay balls or pumice stone at the bottom to prevent waterlogging.
- Avoid compact and retentive soils, since the excess moisture is your main enemy.
For newly planted cuttings, it is advisable to use some peat to maintain stable humidity until they develop their own roots.
Proper irrigation to avoid problems
Irrigation is the most critical aspect of its maintenanceAs a good succulent, Portulacaria afra variegata stores water in its leaves and stems, so it prefers periods of drought to excess moisture. Improper watering is often the main cause of problems, such as the falling or rotting of leaves and roots.
- In winter, water only when the substrate is completely dry, approximately every 2-3 weeks.
- In summer, increase the frequency if the plant is outdoors in a sunny area, reaching once a week, but always checking the substrate moisture before each watering.
- Avoid wetting the leaves, as water on them can cause stains and rot.
- Indoors and in small pots, reduce the frequency, as evaporation is lower.
When the plant needs water, its leaves lose turgor or begin to wrinkle, while excess moisture causes some to soften and fall off easily.
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Succulents in general, and Portulacaria afra variegata in particular, do not require frequent fertilization. However, occasional feeding can promote faster growth. vigorous, especially during the period of greatest vegetative growth (late spring and summer). Always use specific fertilizers for cacti and succulents, diluted and in low doses to avoid salt accumulation in the substrate.
- It is sufficient to fertilize once per warm season.
- Never fertilize during winter or when the plant is dormant or weakened.
Pruning and maintenance
Portulacaria afra variegata responds very well to pruning, which allows you to shape it and maintain it in the desired shape and size. You can prune shoots, remove unwanted branches, or shape it if you're growing it as a bonsai. When you prune:
- Cut stems above a node or intersection.
- It is not necessary to apply healing agents or cover wounds, since they heal quickly in the air.
- Don't remove all branches at once; it's better to prune gradually to avoid weakening the plant.
Do not remove old leaves that fall naturally, as this is part of the plant's renewal cycle.
Reproduction of Portulacaria afra variegata
The reproduction of this plant is extremely easy and accessible through stem cuttings, which take root quickly under suitable conditions. The process consists of:
- Select a healthy stem about 10-15 cm long and cut with a clean tool.
- Remove the lower leaves to leave about 3-5 cm of clean stem.
- Optional: Let the cut dry for 24 hours to heal, although it is not essential.
- Plant the cutting in slightly moist substrate and keep it in a bright place but without intense direct sunlight until it produces roots in a few weeks.
During the process, it's normal for some leaves to fall off; this is part of the adaptation and root formation process. An important detail is that the plant develops slowly during the first few months, but once rooted, it can grow vigorously.
Frequently Asked Questions and Solutions
- Fall of leaves: It is common if there is excess watering, lack of light or during root formation after cuttings.
- Dark spots on leaves: Generally associated with excessive humidity or watering above the plant. Ensure good ventilation and water only the substrate.
- Wrinkled or soft leaves: It can be a sign of either a lack or excess of water. Monitor the substrate and adjust watering accordingly.
- Plagues and diseases: It is a hardy plant, although it can occasionally be affected by mealybugs or aphids; remove it manually or treat with potassium soap if necessary.
- Root rot: Sign of insufficient drainage or overwatering. Remove the plant, eliminate damaged roots, and replace with clean, dry soil.
Varieties of Portulacaria afra
- Portulacaria afra variegata: : Green and cream variegated leaves, with pink tones under bright light.
- Portulacaria Limpopo: Variety with larger leaves.
- Portulacaria prostrata: Creeping, used as ground cover.
- Portulacaria aurea: Light yellow or cream-colored leaves.
- Portulacaria medio-picta: Similar to the variegated variety, but with a central yellow spot and deep pink stem; more difficult to grow.
Differences with Crassula ovata (classic Jade)
Portulacaria afra It is often confused with the Crassula ovata, also known as jade, but there are several key differences:
- Crassula ovata has larger, thicker and elongated leaves (3-7 cm), while Portulacaria afra has smaller and thinner leaves.
- The stem of the Portulacaria is usually reddish while that of the Crassula is usually more greyish.
- Both are succulents, but they belong to different botanical families and their watering and light requirements may vary slightly.
Additional curiosities and practical tips
- Portulacaria afra is used to create resilient hedges and as an element of soil restoration and combating climate change due to its high carbon capture capacity.
- In South Africa, it is estimated that one hectare of Portulacaria can capture up to 10-15 tons of carbon per year.
- In bonsai, it is ideal for beginners, as it tolerates repeated pruning and can be easily wired while its stems are young.
- It is non-toxic to pets, making it an excellent choice for homes with animals.
- The density of its foliage allows it to maintain moisture in its tissues and survive long periods without irrigation.
Conclusion
Portulacaria afra variegata is one of the most rewarding and versatile plants you can incorporate into your home or garden. Its easy reproduction, drought resistance, and ornamental value make it an excellent choice for both beginner and expert gardeners. Beyond its beauty, it provides environmental benefits and is a source of inspiration for bonsai and succulent arrangements. It brings not only greenery and life to your spaces, but also the feeling of abundance and good fortune traditionally attributed to it. If you're looking for a plant that adapts to virtually any environment and provides an exotic and original touch, Portulacaria afra variegata won't disappoint.
