La pruning is a fundamental practice in the management of agroforestry plants, and especially in almond tree (Almond). A well-executed pruning not only favors the health and vigor of the tree, but also maximizes almond production and prolongs their longevity. If you already have experience in planting, now is the time to delve deeper into How, when and why to prune an almond tree effectively to obtain the greatest benefit from each specimen.
Why is almond pruning so important?
La pruning the almond tree It is the key to obtaining healthy trees with good structure and quality fruit. In addition to influencing the quantity and size of the almonds, it helps prevent diseases, prevents premature aging of the branches and corrects posture, allowing light and air to reach the entire tree. Correcting branching and removing unnecessary branches helps the almond tree to grow in a balanced way and focus on producing appropriate wood and fruit at each stage of development.
When to prune almond trees: best time and frequency
El best time to prune an almond tree it is during the vegetative rest period, which usually coincides with the end of winter and the beginning of spring, before the buds emerge. This period allows the cuts to heal properly and reduces the risk of pests and diseases. In some cases, a green pruning after fruit harvesting and flowering, sacrificing only the shoots of the year and controlling excess branching.
La pruning frequency It depends on the age and condition of the tree:
- Los young almond trees require annual training pruning during his early years.
- Los adult almond trees usually need maintenance pruning and, if necessary, more severe rejuvenation pruning on a regular basis.
Regardless of the time, Avoid pruning during intense frosts, humid periods or days of extreme heat so as not to weaken the tree.
Types of almond pruning and the objectives of each
The almond tree requires different types of pruning depending on its life cycle and production objectives:
- Formation pruning: It is performed in the first four years, guiding the growth and structure of the tree with strong, well-distributed main branches. It opens the canopy, improving light capture and ventilation, and promoting the development of productive wood. For more information on structure, see how to prune an almond tree.
- Fruiting pruning: It is a maintenance pruning that removes suckers, dead and weak branches, and those that grow inward or cross, promoting the vigor of productive branches.
- Rejuvenation pruning: Recommended for old or neglected almond trees, involves drastic and selective pruning to stimulate the growth of new, vigorous shoots. It's recommended to do this gradually, over several seasons, to avoid excessive stress on the tree.
- Pruning in green: Typically performed after flowering and harvesting, it involves removing the year's shoots when they reach 30-45 cm, helping to control vigor and balance the canopy, especially to prevent excessive branching.
Essential tools and their maintenance
To prune an almond tree correctly, it is necessary to have sharp and disinfected tools:
- Hand scissors for delicate cuts and young branches.
- Pruning saws or saws for thicker branches and deep cuts.
- Telescopic scissors to reach high branches without having to climb.
- Gloves and a stable ladder (if required).
Before and after use, disinfect tools with alcohol and make sure they're sharp. This minimizes disease transmission and ensures precise cuts that facilitate rapid tree healing.
How to prune an almond tree step by step
- Prepare tools and environment: Check all the tools mentioned and sterilize them before you begin.
- Inspect the tree: Identify dead, damaged, diseased branches, crossing branches, suckers, and branches that grow vertically.
- Remove dead or damaged branches: Cut close to the base to prevent pest entry.
- Remove suckers and vertical branches: Using scissors or a saw, prioritize cuts close to the trunk, without damaging the branch collar.
- Pruning crossed branches: Remove the lower position to avoid friction and allow light and air into the cup.
- Shape and balance the tree: It favors the glass structure eliminating inner shoots and encouraging main branches to open outwards.
- Remove excess vigor from unbalanced branches: Remove dominant branches in one direction and balance growth.
- Observe the tree and perform post-pruning treatments: Apply healing agents to large cuts, monitor the tree's condition over the next few days, and adjust if necessary.
Common mistakes and key recommendations
- Don't over-prune in one session: Excesses weaken the tree and make it prone to disease.
- Do not make sharp cuts or tears: Use sharp tools for clean, precise cuts.
- Avoid pruning branches with diameters greater than 10 cm if it is not essential, because wounds take longer to heal.
- Observe and adjust irrigation and fertilization after severe pruning to promote recovery.
- Request technical advice if you have doubts or trees in conditions of severe neglect.
Care after pruning the almond tree
Once pruning is complete, it is essential provide the almond tree with adequate hydration, especially if major cuts have been made or if drought is forecast. The application of sealants or healing agents In large cuts it helps prevent infection. Supplement the recovery with balanced fertilizer and regular observation ensures that the resurgent shoots are vigorous and healthy.
Proper pruning care should never be neglected if you want robust, productive trees capable of maximizing the beauty and production of almonds. With the right techniques and careful monitoring, your almond tree will reward you with generous harvests and strength for many growing seasons.
