La schisandra chinensis, also called wu wei zi or five-flavor berry, is a woody climber of great ornamental and practical value. Its clusters of red fruits are reminiscent of the gooseberries and concentrate the five pillars of taste: sweet, salty, sour, bitter and spicy. Native to northeast Asia, it adapts well to temperate and cold gardens when planned. exposure, the soil and the irrigation correctly. In addition to its horticultural value, it has traditional uses and notable symbolism in Asian culture.
What is Schisandra chinensis and why grow it?
This species belongs to the family schisandraceae and is known for its aromatic berries and deciduous foliage. In traditional medicine, it is considered a tonic plant and restorative; at domestic level, its fruits are used in infusions, syrups or as a base for fermented drinksIt is worth remembering that the benefits mentioned come from traditional uses; for any therapeutic purpose, it is appropriate to on request with a health professional.
Essential botanical characteristics
It is a perennial vine of vigorous growth that, with support, can reach between 2,5 year(s) and 9 mIts leaves, alternate and elliptical, give off a subtle citrus aroma when rubbed, which is why it is sometimes referred to as “Chinese lemongrass” (not to be confused with cymbopogon).
It produces waxy, whitish or slightly pink flowers with a pleasant scent. After flowering, clusters appear. Hanging which group around twenty spherical berries of intense red color, each one with two seeds yellowish. To bear fruit abundantly it needs Cross pollination: Although there are plants with male and female flowers on the same foot, the ideal is to grow at least two individuals genetically distinct to ensure the harvest.
Climate and exposure
The optimal location offers a lot of light with protection from strong winds. In cool regions, look for full sun for most of the day (ideally about eight hours); in warm climates, a day is good for you. semi-shadow light in the central hours. It is a plant rustic and cold-resistant if the soil drains well and the base of the stem is protected from ice and drafts.
Soil, planting and support
Prefers soils light, rich in humus, with good drainage and a tendency to slightly acidic soil (pH 5,5–6,5). Before planting, work the soil to loosen it and amend it with organic material well decomposed. The addition of peat or coconut fiber improves the structure, and a small amount of wood ash It provides potassium and trace elements. Avoid waterlogging by placing a layer of sewer system (pebbles or crushed brick) at the bottom of the hole.
Plant when the soil reaches at least 10 ° C. Respect a spacing between plants of 90 to 120 cm and place the support (trellis, pergola or espalier) before introducing the seedling. By driving 3–6 main rods you can form a green screen productive and decorative.
Watering, mulching and fertilizing
In the first year it is advisable to maintain a moisture constant without flooding. Young plants appreciate frequent watering (even per day, in heat waves). Once established, water deeply and evenly; as a guide, in summer an adult plant may need the equivalent of several cubes of water per week, adjusting according to climate and soil texture. The padded with bark, leaves or straw stabilizes the temperature and reduces evaporation.
Fertilize three times per season: in spring with a contribution of nitrogen to promote regrowth; after the flowering, Add organic (compost or humus); and after the harvest, prioritizes potassium and phosphorus for wood maturation and reserves. Avoid excessive doses of nitrogen, which promote lush foliage but poor fruit production.
Pruning and maintenance
Pruning focuses on the initial and continuous and in small annual corrections. During the first years, guide the main rods by the tutor. At rest, remove old wood, weak branches and suckers, and thin slightly to allow light in. Avoid severe cuts at full budding stage to avoid compromising the flowering it's from the season.
Propagation: seeds and cuttings
Multiplication by seeds requires combined stratification. Keep seeds in moist sand at 20–25 °C for a month (warm phase) and then 2–5 °C about four months (cold phase). In spring, sow in trays; seedlings usually emerge at 2–3 weeksThis route is slower, but it provides variability useful genetics for flowering and adaptation.
For a faithful copy, use cuttings semi-woody taken between June and July. Cut 5–7 cm segments from the middle part of the year's shoots and root in a 1:1 substrate of peat and sand or perlite. In a humid environment, rooting occurs around 40 daysAfter 4–5 years, transplant to its final location with the support already installed to minimize stress.
Recommended varieties for cold climates
There are cultivars with good rusticity and production:
- Volgar: later ripening, bunches close to 7–8 g, fruits with thin skin and aroma sour-resinous. Winter tolerant severe and dry periods.
- Debut: medium cycle, bunches with some 30 berries Carmine red with thicker skin and a somewhat cylindrical shape. Good resistance to drought and low temperatures.
- Mito: clusters around 7 g, dark red berries, flavor slightly acidicProductive and stable.
- Firstborn: late ripening, thin and very climbing branches, bunches more terse (up to 12 fruits) with taste profile acid.
Pests, diseases and prevention
It is a generally species rustic with few problems. In conditions of excessive humidity or poor ventilation, they may appear powdery mildew, black spot o filosticta. Increase aeration by pruning, avoid wetting the foliage when watering, and use mulch to reduce splashing. In the event of an attack, resort to fungicides specific following the manufacturer's instructions. Monitoring and preventive management are usually sufficient.
The harvest is carried out when the bunches take a deep red and the berries yield slightly to the touch. Spread the bunches in thin layers and dehydrate in a dry, ventilated place to obtain fruity results. dried, perfect for infusionsSyrups, jams and marmalades are also made. wines traditional. Their symbolism In Asia, it is associated with the balance of the five elements, which explains its presence in gardens and home orchards. In terms of safety, it is generally well tolerated as a food; if you have medical conditions, are pregnant, breastfeeding, or have questions about toxicity For pets, consult a professional before consuming.
Planning a bright location, fertile and drained soil, regular watering with padded and a balanced fertilizer, Schisandra chinensis thrives with few demands and gives away bright clusters that add flavor, history and diversity to any garden.
