What are Lithops or stone cacti?
The Lithops are also known as living stones o stone pieces, extraordinary succulents that belong to the family AizoaceaeIts peculiar appearance imitates desert stones, a mechanism of camouflage This allows them to survive in arid environments by avoiding detection by herbivores. Each lithops specimen is composed of a pair of fused fleshy leaves that leave a cleft between them, from which flowers and even new leaves emerge.
These plants native to southern Africa, especially countries like South Africa and Namibia, have evolved to thrive in extremely dry environments, where rainfall is scarce and the substrate is usually stony and poor in organic matter. Its name derives from the Greek: lithos (stone) and opsis (appearance). To learn more about how to properly care for these specimens, we recommend visiting our guide on disease prevention in cacti.
Characteristics and morphology of Lithops
Its structure consists of two thick sheets which take the form of a flat or slightly concave cone at the top. translucent windows on the upper surface of the leaves allow the passage of light to maximize photosynthesis. colors and patterns Lithops vary between species, ranging in color from gray to green to brown to pink to blue to purple, often with dots and patterns reminiscent of the cerebral cortex, aiding their mimicry. For more information on their formation, visit our section on how to plant cacti.
Their size generally ranges between 2 and 5 centimeters in height, although some species may be slightly larger or smaller.
Biological cycle and annual growth
The life cycle of the Lithops It is fully adapted to the dry and rainy seasons of its native environment, which defines its periods of growth, rest, and flowering. The cycle begins with a period of rest in winter, where the plant apparently does not grow but actually dedicates its energy to the formation of new leaves inside. After this rest comes the molting stage in spring, where the old leaves are reabsorbed and the new ones begin to emerge through the central fissure.
During the summer, the plant enters a state of vegetative stop to withstand high temperatures, preventing any growth. Finally, in autumn, the flowering, which produces a white, yellow, or sometimes orange or pink, daisy-shaped flower that emerges between the leaves. If you'd like to learn about the best care practices during its cycle, be sure to visit our article on dwarf cacti.
Essential care of the Lithops stone cactus
- Sunlight: Lithops require plenty of bright natural light, but it is essential avoid direct exposure during the most intense hours to prevent burns.
- Ventilation: These plants require a well-ventilated environment to prevent moisture buildup and subsequent rot. They are not ideal as houseplants in enclosed spaces or near heating systems.
- Temperature: They prefer daytime temperatures between 18 and 30ºC and nighttime temperatures not lower than 10ºC. They tolerate some variability, but it is necessary protect them from frost and avoid prolonged exposure to sub-zero temperatures.
- Substratum: The substrate must be extremely draining and low in organic matter, ideally composed of coarse sand, gravel, akadama, volcanic rock, or perlite. Don't use only standard cactus or succulent soil, as they tend to retain too much moisture.
- Flowerpot: A clay pot with good drainage, preferably at least 3-5 cm deep, is recommended to accommodate the roots. Clay helps excess moisture evaporate.
Irrigation: the key factor
El Excessive irrigation is the main cause of death in lithops. Watering should only be done when the substrate is completely dry and the plant shows slight wrinkles on the leaves. During the flowering and formation of new leaves, it is essential to wait for the old leaves to dry before watering again. During periods of rest or shedding, the substrate must remain dry. Watering every 3-4 weeks during growth periods is usually sufficient, always adjusting according to temperature and ambient humidity. In humid environments, they can last up to six months without water no problem.
Fertilization and fertilization
These plants have evolved to survive in poor soils. Typically, they do not need fertilizationIf the substrate is depleted after several years, a low-nitrogen cactus fertilizer and high in potassium in very low doses during spring or autumn, never in summer or winter.
Lithops transplant
It's recommended to repot only when absolutely necessary, for example, when the roots are protruding or the substrate is depleted. Always repot when the substrate is completely dry and leave the plant unwatered for at least five days after repotting to allow the roots to heal. If you purchased bare-root lithops, water them only if they've been in transit for several days and are dehydrated, and place them in partial shade first before exposing them to full sun.
flowering and reproduction
The flowers, in the form of large daisies, emerge from the leaves in autumn or early winter. Each head usually produces a single flower, which can be white, yellow, or sometimes rarer colors. pollination It can occur cross-pollinated if there are several flowering plants, giving rise to small capsules with seeds. sexual reproduction Seed propagation is the most commonly used method for obtaining new specimens, although division of mature plants is also possible in some cases. To expand your knowledge, you may be interested in visiting our section on the care and protection of cacti.
Common mistakes and problems in Lithops care
- Excessive watering: It causes swelling, cracking and rotting, especially at the base (neck) or roots.
- Lack of light: It causes the lithops to elongate and lose its natural compact shape (etiolation).
- Pests: Although they are hardy, they can be attacked by mealybugs, mites, and, to a lesser extent, ground flies. Adequate ventilation and regular monitoring are effective preventative measures.
- Lack of rest: Watering or fertilizing during winter or shedding disrupts the cycle and can kill the plant.
Popular Lithops Varieties and Species
It is estimated that there are more than 35 species and more than 140 varieties Lithops, differentiated by color, pattern, and texture. Some of the best known and most appreciated by collectors include:
- Lithops karasmontana
- Lithops optic
- Lithops salicola
- Lithops hookeri
- Lithops dorotheae
- Lithops aucampiae
- Lithops pseudotruncatella.
Benefits and curiosities of having Lithops at home
- Su compact size making them ideal for small spaces and minimalist decor.
- Low maintenance: They require little care compared to other succulents.
- Longevity: They can live for decades with proper care.
- Showy flowering: Its flowers add an unexpected touch of color to any collection.
- Its excellent for those who travel or spend time outside the home, as they tolerate long periods without watering.
Those who dare to cultivate Lithops Discover a unique, resilient succulent plant, perfect for collectors and exotic plant lovers. Its unique life cycle, striking appearance, and easy adaptation make it a fascinating decorative element that requires very specific care, but is simple if these guidelines are followed.
