Droseras, also known as sundew, are one of the most surprising genera of carnivorous plants, appreciated by both amateurs and botanical experts. Su singular beauty, their amazing hunting strategies and their ability to develop in poor soil Drosera have fascinated scientists and gardening enthusiasts for generations. Throughout the world, there are multiple varieties of Drosera, each with slightly different characteristics and cultivation requirements, making this genus one of the most diverse within the plant kingdom.
General characteristics of Drosera
The gender Drosera belongs to the family of Droseraceae and brings together almost 200 different species of carnivorous plants distributed across all continents, except Antarctica. Most of the species are found in Australia, but it is possible to find Droseras in temperate, subtropical, tropical regions and even in desert and high mountain areas.
The leaves The sundews are covered with glandular hairs or tentacles that secrete a sticky mucilage, similar to morning dew. This mucilage serves a dual function: attract and catch small insects which provide the plant with essential nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, elements that are scarce in the type of soil in which they usually grow.
The structure of the leaves And the capture mechanism varies by species. In some, the tentacles move quickly and encircle the prey almost immediately. In others, the trap may take minutes or hours to fully activate. Sundew flowers are typically small and range in color from white to pink to red, while their seeds are very fine and easily dispersed by the wind.
Being perennials Herbaceous in nature, some Drosera species can live for several decades in favorable conditions. These plants range in size from less than a centimeter in miniature species to several meters in climbing plants.
Common names and geographical distribution
- Scientific name: Drosera
- Common names: Drosera, Sundew, Goutwort, Rosoli, Sundew (in English)
- Family: Droseraceae
- Origin: Cosmopolitan, with greater concentration and diversity in Australia
In Spain, you can find the Sundew rotundifolia growing naturally in the Pyrenees. In South America, species such as Drosera uniflora, while in Africa it is highly appreciated Sundew capensisThe diversity of habitats allows Droseras to adapt to a wide variety of climates: temperate, tropical, subtropical, and even desert.
How Drosera Traps Work
El Drosera capture mechanism It is based on the production of a sticky mucilage at the end of each tentacle, which shines in the light and simulates dew drops, thus attracting numerous insects in search of water or nectar.
- Attraction: Insects are attracted by the shine and sweet aroma of the mucilage.
- Capture: When placed on the leaf, they immediately stick together.
- Immobilization: In response to contact, nearby tentacles move and attach to the insect to completely immobilize it.
- Digestion: The plant secretes digestive enzymes that break down the prey and release nutrients.
- Absorption: The resulting nutrients are absorbed through the leaves to compensate for the mineral deficiencies in the soil.
- reset: Once the nutrients have been extracted, the leaf can release the remains and prepare for a new hunt.
The speed of the mechanism may vary between species. For instance, Drosera burmanii y Sundew glanduligera can respond in seconds, while others, such as Sundew capensis, it takes a few minutes to completely envelop their prey.
Most popular Drosera species and their particularities
- Drosera capensis: Native to South Africa, it's one of the hardiest and easiest to care for. Its long, narrow leaves curl around prey.
- Drosera rotundifolia: Very common in Europe, Asia, and North America. Its rounded leaves are extremely sticky.
- Drosera spatulata: Distributed in Asia and Oceania, it has spatula-shaped leaves and is ideal for beginners.
- Drosera binata: Native to Australia and New Zealand, it is characterized by divided, forked leaves.
- Drosera madagascariensis: Originally from Africa, it has leaves arranged along an upright stem.
- Drosera anglica: Natural hybrid between Drosera rotundifolia and Drosera linearis, it forms compact rosettes and blooms with white flowers in summer.
- Drosera uniflora: Small species from South America, produces a single white flower.
- Drosera graomogolensis: Native to Brazil, it is distinguished by its reddish rosette leaves and large pink flowers.
There are more specialized species, such as Drosera regia (one of the largest and endemic to South Africa), and bulbous or climbing species that require more complex care and greater experience in its cultivation.
Essential care of Drosera
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Light is one of the most important factors for successful Drosera cultivation. These plants require abundant exposure to light, preferably indirect sunlight or soft direct sunlight During the early morning or late afternoon. Exposure to intense midday sun can burn the leaves, so it's recommended to place them in a spot where they receive filtered light or near an east- or west-facing window.
In situations of low ambient light, the use of growth lamps with fluorescent or LED light specific for plants, especially during winter or indoors.
Temperature
- Subtropical sundews: They require temperatures between 20ºC and 35ºC during the day. They don't usually tolerate prolonged drops below 10ºC.
- Temperate sundews: They can hibernate, forming a hibernaculum in winter. They can tolerate lower temperatures, but it is essential to avoid severe frosts.
- Tropical and desert sundews: They adapt to thermal fluctuations, but require more stable and warm environments.
In general, it is important protect sundews from cold drafts and sudden changes in temperature, placing them indoors when outdoor conditions are adverse.
Humidity
The Droseras They need high levels of environmental humidity, preferably between 40% and 80%. To maintain humidity around the plant, you can use:
- Trays with water under the pot (without the water directly touching the base of the plant)
- Placing the pot on wet gravel
- Using humidifiers in dry rooms
Frequent misting of the leaves is not recommended, as constant moisture on the foliage can encourage fungal growth. It is preferable to ensure an indirectly humid environment.
suitable substrate
El substratum It is a key factor, since Droseras require an acidic soil with excellent drainage capacity, which at the same time retains sufficient moisture.
- Standard mix: 60% pure blond peat and 40% perlite
- Alternative: 2 parts blond peat and 1 part quartz sand or vermiculite
- For more delicate species: Adding a top layer of sphagnum moss can help retain moisture and provide extra acidity.
Avoid using commercial substrates for ornamental plants, as they often contain fertilizers or other additives that are harmful to carnivores.
Irrigation
- Always use distilled, demineralized or rainwater. Tap water, due to its mineral content, can seriously damage roots.
- Irrigation method: The best way to water is by tray, always maintaining a water level of 2-3 cm under the pot during peak growth. Letting the tray dry for a day before watering again prevents the growth of fungus and rot.
- Avoid watering from above and wetting the leaves.
Meals
The Droseras They do not need chemical fertilizationThey obtain essential nutrients by digesting insects and small arthropods that they capture naturally.
- In closed environments or in the absence of prey, small flying insects or powdered fish food can be provided by placing a small amount on an active leaf.
- The frequency varies: for a medium-sized sundew, one or two captures per month are sufficient.
- Avoid fertilizing the substrate, as this can be lethal to the plant.
Reproduction and propagation of Drosera
Droseras can be multiplied by various methods:
- Seeds: This is the most common method. The seeds must be distributed on a moist, unburied substrateThey require intense light (natural or artificial) and high humidity to germinate. Germination time varies, from a few weeks to several months, depending on the species.
- Leaf cuttings: They can be obtained by cutting healthy leaves and placing them on moist substrate (peat and perlite or sphagnum moss). Over time, new seedlings will sprout from the edges of the leaves.
- Gemmation: Some species produce gems or bulbs, especially those from desert or cold climates.
Transplant and maintenance
El transplant It is recommended to do this every two years, preferably at the beginning of spring. Use wide and deep pots, made of plastic or unglazed ceramic, to promote root development and better water evaporation.
During transplantation, handle the plant carefully to avoid damaging the roots and try to keep the substrate moist immediately afterward.
Most common pests and diseases
Although Droseras rarely suffer from serious pest problems, there are some risks:
- Aphids and mites: They are the most common pests. They can be eliminated with potassium soap applied carefully to the substrate and not directly to the carnivorous leaves.
- Fungi: They are a result of excess humidity and poor ventilation. Ensure good air circulation and prevent flooding.
- Snails and slugs: They can damage young leaves, especially outdoors.
Medicinal and ornamental uses of Drosera
Droseras have been traditionally used in herbal medicine thanks to their Antibiotic, expectorant, antispasmodic and respiratory tract relaxing propertiesThey are used in the form of extracts or infusions to treat coughs, laryngitis, bronchitis, asthma, and skin conditions such as warts.
However, medicinal use should be supervised by professionals. to avoid adverse effects or allergies, especially in pregnant women, nursing mothers, or people with heart conditions.
