When designing a garden, a key aspect is the selection of plant species to include . Plants are chosen for aesthetic and functional reasons (for example, shade trees, dense hedges, etc.). But there is another very important criterion: choosing only those plants suited to the climate and soil of each garden. This is what we will analyze on this page.
It's not enough to just plant everything everywhere without any consideration; that's how planting fails and plants struggle to survive. To avoid these problems, it's advisable to create microclimates in the garden.
Climate
Each climate has its most suitable vegetation. Select plant species that thrive in the general climate of your area. Also consider the microclimates of your garden . For example, a shady corner is perfect for ferns but unsuitable for seasonal flowering plants. Climatic and environmental factors related to plant selection include: light, temperature, rainfall, humidity, and wind.
Analyze the sunny and shady areas of your garden. In sunny areas, almost all flowers need about six hours of sunlight per day. For example, Gazania and Lampranthus will only bloom in direct sunlight. Additionally, plants with variegated leaves (veined in green and yellow) require more light than those with solid green leaves. You can also consider plants with blue and purple flowers to add color to sunny areas.
For shaded areas:
- Choose species that thrive in shade or semi-shade, such as camellias, hydrangeas, clematis, ferns, and coleus. Many species thrive in shade.
- You can place plants that need shade at certain times in the shade, such as temporary shade during hot times that encourages their establishment.
Temperatures
If your climate is cold, with frequent frosts, it's clear that subtropical species shouldn't be chosen: they would die very quickly. Near a wall, they will be better protected from the cold. Walls accumulate heat during the day and release it at night. Furthermore, it's important to know which fruit tree species are best suited to your specific climate.
Certain plants also require cold temperatures. For example, the olive tree grows well in the tropics but doesn't flower; it prefers alternating temperatures, not constant temperatures year-round. Many fruit tree varieties require accumulating cold temperatures in winter, spending some hours below 7°C. Cherry varieties that lack this cold temperature will not produce a good harvest.
Some plants cannot tolerate rainy climates because the soil is too wet or waterlogged, or because their leaves remain wet for extended periods. These are usually species from dry climates. In rainy climates, it is best to choose moisture-loving species.
Some plants need high humidity, while others prefer dryness. For example, ferns are ideal for a shady or north-facing garden. They need water and high humidity. Plant them only if you can provide what they need. Succulents are a good choice in dry climates. Some regions experience frequent fog, dew, or have damp spots.
If some of these winds are prevalent in your area, choose plants that are resistant to them , or provide wind protection to the garden or terrace with hedges, fences with climbing plants, heather sheets, etc.
Wind influences the distribution of plants. For example, position conifers with consideration of where the prevailing winds blow. This way, their evergreen foliage will provide protection.
SOIL
Not all soils are the same. It's important to understand your soil to choose the most suitable plants for each situation. Know the soil in your garden. These are the main characteristics: texture, depth, drainage, pH, humus and mineral nutrient content, and saline water.
Besides choosing the most suitable species, it's advisable to improve both soil types. Both sandy and clay soils benefit from adding organic matter: manure, mulch, compost, peat, worm castings, etc., at a rate of 1 to 3 kg per square meter, mixed into the soil. Organic matter gives cohesion to sandy soils and makes clay soils more porous. If you're interested in more specific management, you can plant garden shrubs that are adapted to these conditions.
Soil texture
Clay or sandy soil can affect your plants' growth. Soil texture, as mentioned above, is crucial. Sandy soils, although well-draining, require frequent watering due to rapid moisture loss. On the other hand, clay soils can be a challenge due to their compaction and poor drainage capacity. Therefore, it's important to choose species that are well-suited to these conditions.
Soil depth
Soil depth can also influence plant root growth. The deeper the soil, the more room the roots have to expand and search for water and nutrients. If the soil is very shallow or full of rocks, this can limit plant growth and cause water stress. To optimize this, you might want to look into methods for collecting flower seeds that could be suitable for your garden.
floor drainage
Soil drainage is essential for root health. Poorly draining soils can lead to root rot. Therefore, if your soil has drainage problems, consider providing adequate drainage or choosing species that tolerate wet soils.
soil pH
Soil pH is also a determining factor. Acidic or alkaline soil can affect the availability of nutrients for plants. Test your soil's pH and adjust it as needed to ensure healthy plant growth. Balanced soil will allow you to experiment with different species and thus better enjoy the quillay tree in natural gardens.
Humus and nutrients
Make sure your soil has enough humus and nutrients to support plant growth. Plants need soil rich in organic matter to thrive. If your soil is deficient, you can amend it with compost or other organic fertilizers.
Criteria for choosing plants according to the climate
Choosing the right plants for your garden is essential. When considering the climate, remember that each species has specific needs. Some plants thrive in warm climates, while others do better in cooler ones. It's crucial to research and understand which plants are suitable for the temperature, humidity, and climatic conditions of your location. For example, date palms in arid climates require special care depending on their environment.
Climate plays a crucial role in selecting plants for your garden. Be sure to consider all climatic and soil factors before making your selection. By choosing the right plants and providing the right environment, you can enjoy a healthy and vibrant garden year-round.
