Who doesn't have a fern in their home? They are easy to care for, hardy and lush so they help when adding green to the garden.
Few people know that Ferns they belong to genus Aspleniium and that it includes a large number of species, some more popular than others adding a total of 7.000 species.
The mystery of the fern
The ferns are from the Polypodiaceae family and they can look very different although they all share certain characteristics: they do not have flowers, fruits or seedsBecause of these characteristics, for many years, botanists were unable to discover how they multiplied. However, in 1850, a German botanist made a crucial discovery: on the underside of the leaves are the spores that allow these fascinating plants to multiply.
General characteristics of ferns
Ferns are plants that have survived through time and are considered some of the oldest organisms on Earth. They are believed to have existed approximately 300 million yearsThese organisms are not flowers or fruits, which classifies them as pteridophytesFerns are primarily perennial, and their leaves, known as fronds, can vary greatly between species. Some species are small and triangular, while others are long and wide. The stem, known as the rhizome, is usually underground, with the exception of some tree ferns, which have an aerial stem.
Most popular ferns
Some of the best-known ferns include:
- Asplenium adiantum nigrumThis fern is distinguished by its pennate leaves with a long reddish petiole.
- Asplenium nidus: It has large, bright green leaves, each with a prominent central vein.
- Asplenium bulbiferumNative to Australia and New Zealand, its fronds are widely separated, and its margins have small bulbs that generate new plants.
- Asplenium viviparumNative to the Mauritius Islands, this fern also has widely spaced fronds.
Where to put a fern at home?
Placing a fern in your home not only enhances the aesthetics but can also influence the energy of the space. Ferns are ideal for indoors, provided they are provided with adequate light and humidity. Below are some key aspects to consider when choosing the right location for your ferns:
- Light: Ferns prefer indirect light, so it's best to place them near windows covered with light curtains. Direct light can burn their leaves.
- Humidity: These plants thrive in humid environments, such as kitchens or bathrooms, but they should also be protected from drafts.
- Temperature: The ideal temperature for ferns ranges between 18 and 24 degrees Celsius.
Basic care of ferns
Irrigation
Ferns require a humid, but not waterlogged, environment. Regular watering is recommended, ensuring good drainage, as ferns do not tolerate waterlogging. They can also benefit from misting their leaves with water to keep them fresh.
Fertilizer
Ferns prefer substrates rich in organic material, such as peat or worm castings. Make sure the substrate has good drainage and isn't too compacted. It's recommended to add liquid fertilizer every four weeks during the growing season.
Tips to keep your ferns in perfect condition
Ferns can be prone to pests, such as mites and mealybugs. To keep them safe:
- Keep the leaves clean: Remove any dry or damaged leaves and clean away any accumulated dust.
- Control humidity: Regulate watering to avoid excess moisture, which can attract pests.
- Isolate infested plants: If you detect pests, isolate the affected plants to prevent their spread.
Reproduction of ferns
Ferns can reproduce in several ways:
- Division of bushes: Separate the clumps when they have grown sufficiently.
- Spores: Some species produce spores that can be collected and sown in a moist substrate.
- Layer: Place a branch or leaf in contact with a moist substrate and cover with plastic to maintain humidity.
- Stolons: Some species produce new shoots on stems that grow horizontally.
Common problems and solutions
Ferns can face several challenges, such as:
- Drying: This may be due to lack of water, humidity or exposure to direct sunlight.
- Yellow leaves: This may be a sign of improper watering or problems with the substrate.
It's important to identify the cause in order to implement effective solutions, such as adjusting watering, changing the substrate, or moving the fern to a more appropriate location.
Ferns and Feng Shui
According to Feng Shui, ferns are plants that symbolize humility and attract good luck. They are associated with prosperity and are ideal for creating positive environments in the home. Incorporating ferns into your decor not only provides freshness and life, but can also influence the overall well-being of the space.
Ferns for outdoors
Ferns are also popular for growing in gardens, especially in shaded areas. Some species, such as Pteris cretica and the nephrolepis high They are ideal for outdoor cultivation, as long as they are protected from direct sunlight and adequate humidity is maintained.
When choosing ferns for the garden, considerations about location in relation to other plants and trees are key to their successful development.
Ferns are plants that not only bring beauty and freshness to spaces, but also have a special meaning and require specific care to thrive. From propagation to pest management, every aspect is essential to keeping them healthy and vibrant. With a little care and dedication, ferns can be a wonderful addition to any home or garden, filling spaces with life and positive energy.
