Nuts have always been valued for their nutritional properties y long conservation, which has allowed them to enjoy enormous demand in modern and ancient markets alike. Their cultivation is also a profitable and ideal option for both professionals and individuals interested in sustainability and their own production. Below, we explore the different types of nuts most commonly cultivated, their main requirements, and the keys to successful planting, as well as the essential care for each species.
Complete guide to growing the most common nuts
Almond tree (Almond)
El almond It is native to the Near East and adapts to Mediterranean climates. It tolerates drought but prefers loose, well-drained soils. This rustic fruit tree requires few hours of cold (minimum temperatures below 7°C), which contributes to its emblematic and early flowering. Its almonds stand out for their high content of healthy oils and vitamin EFor more information on similar species, you can consult our section on types of nuts.
The almond tree is valued both for its agricultural production and for its ornamental appeal, thanks to its spectacular white or pink blossoms before the leaves emerge. Harvesting takes place between late summer and early autumn; after harvesting, the almonds are left to dry for a few days to ensure their optimal preservation.
- Mollares: Soft shell, easy to eat, although more vulnerable to pests.
- guara: Hard shell, self-fertile and late flowering, frost resistant.
- Largueta Fainting: Deciduous branches, hard shell and early flowering.
Pistachio (Pistacia Vera)
Native to the mountainous areas of Western Asia, the pistacho requires places with abundant cold hours and dryness, which limits its cultivation to certain inland regions and those far from coastal humidity. This tree is dioecious: Only female specimens produce fruit, but it is essential to plant male trees as pollinators, preferably positioned in the direction of the prevailing winds, since pollination is carried out anemophilously (by the wind). To avoid confusion, you can also consult about Fruit trees that need male and female.
For increased production, supplemental irrigation is recommended during the fruit thickening phase. Pistachios ripen in late summer and must be harvested after sun-drying to ensure quality. Alternating years of high and low production are common.
hazel (Hazelnut corylus)
Rustic plant that prefers temperate climates and fresh soils, the hazel It grows mainly in northern regions and can reach large dimensions. Its fruits, the hazelnuts, are very energetic and have a high proportion of healthy oils. Harvest takes place from August to September, and its dense foliage means it is traditionally used as a windbreak on the edges of farms. If you want to learn more about how to care for fruit trees, check out our guide on how to have an avocado tree.
Some notable varieties include the Hazelnut corylus 'Contorta,' with twisted branches, and 'Red Majestic,' with purple leaves. Traditional hazel management involves early pruning to develop long, productive canes.
Walnut (Juglans regal)
El Walnut It is a vigorous and large tree, ideal for large farms. It is cultivated for its nutritious fruit, rich in Omega 3, and for its valuable wood. It is advisable to plant it near water sources, especially if rainfall is limited in the region. The nuts should be collected when they fall to the ground and dried before storage.
Key factors for planting nuts
- ClimateMost nuts require mild winters and long, hot summers with little rainfall, although cold hardiness can vary by species.
- SoilsLight, deep, and well-drained soils are preferred. Poor drainage or heavy soils can increase the risk of fungal diseases.
- WaterAlthough many nuts are drought tolerant, adequate irrigation during fruit formation is recommended to improve yields.
- Pruning and managementPruning is essential for both maintaining health and optimizing fruiting, especially in species such as hazelnuts.
- PollinationThere are species, such as pistachios, that require the coexistence of male and female pollinating trees.
How do you plant a nut tree?
Sowing begins with the choice of healthy seedlings, preferably from a certified nursery. The hole should be large enough to avoid damaging the taproot. The roots should be moistened before planting, and the soil should be lightly compacted when filling the hole. After planting, a little soil loosening is recommended. deep irrigation And, if the climate requires it, apply natural mulch to retain moisture and prevent weeds. Furthermore, during the planting process, checking the specific characteristics of each species helps increase the chances of success, as in the example of the .
Depending on the species, planting distance can range from 4 to 8 meters. In extensive crops, the density should be adjusted according to the variety and the rootstock on which they are grafted.
Aftercare and maintenance
El maintenance offers regular waterings During the summer, avoid waterlogging, monitor for the appearance of common pests (such as aphids or fungal diseases), and perform formative pruning. Controlling soil salinity is vital, especially for sensitive species like almonds, where calcium amendments are recommended if excessive salinity is detected. If you'd like to expand your knowledge of fruit growing, we recommend visiting .
Fertilizer is best spread in early spring and after harvest, opting for balanced nutrients and organic matter to enhance soil fertility. Overfertilization should be avoided, thus preventing contamination and nutrient imbalances.
Particularities of sunflower seed cultivation (extra: sunflower seed, a unique dried fruit)
The sunflower seedsConsidered a nut due to their use and composition, they are sown directly into the ground starting in spring. They require loose soil, full sun exposure, and regular, non-flooding watering. Their rapid germination and harvest, along with their high nutritional value, make them a popular and easy choice for home gardens.
What are cold hours and why are they key?
Is named cold hours to the minimum exposure to temperatures below 7°C that some species require to break winter dormancy and ensure flowering and fruiting. Its insufficiency prevents proper bud development and fruit production. Chilling hour conditions vary by species, so knowing them helps to better plan the crop, as in the case of What are climacteric fruits?.
Nut cultivation offers significant benefits in terms of nutrition, health, and sustainability, and is adaptable to a variety of environments with proper care. Preparing the soil, carefully selecting varieties, and adopting sustainable practices will allow for abundant, high-quality harvests for many years.
