How to Grow Shallots: A Complete Guide

La shallot (Allium ascalonium), also known as staggered, shallot o shallot, is a product of the family of alliaceous plants, which includes onions, garlic, and leeks. This vegetable, native to Asia, is characterized by its mild, aromatic flavor that enhances a wide variety of dishes. Plus, its storage capacity for months makes it an ideal crop to have at home, especially for those who love cooking.

Growing shallots is considered a simple activity, suitable for both experienced and beginner gardeners. To achieve the best results, it is essential to provide shallots with the right environment in terms of soil, light, and care.

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Characteristics of shallot cultivation

As a Mediterranean plant, the shallot requires soils well drained and adequate sun exposure. There are mainly two varieties: white shallots, which are more aromatic but less long-lasting, and red shallots, which have a better conservation capacity.

Conditions necessary for growing shallots

Before starting cultivation, it is crucial to know the conditions that favor the growth of shallots:

• Ground: It should be loose, light, and sandy, with a neutral to slightly acidic pH. Adding well-rotted compost will improve soil fertility and help retain moisture.
• Exhibition: They need at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. The location should be protected from strong winds.
• Irrigation: Watering should be moderate; shallots prefer dry soil rather than moist soil. Excess water can cause mold on the roots.

How to grow shallots

Choosing seeds or bulbs

To start growing, it is essential to choose good bulbs o seedsMake sure they're a variety adapted to your local climate to maximize growing success. You can opt for seeds or bulbs, depending on the season and your preferences.

Preparation of the land

Before planting, it's important to properly prepare the soil. Make a mixture of one part garden soil, one part peat moss, and one part perlite. This mixture will improve drainage and nutrient retention.

If you decide to use bulbs, it's advisable to prepare the soil at least a month in advance. This ensures that the soil is rich in nutrients and has been properly aerated.

Planting shallots

• Make furrows approximately 15 cm deep.
• Place the bulbs in the furrows with the sprout facing upwards, ensuring a separation of at least 10 cm between each one.
• Cover the bulbs with soil and water well to ensure good contact with the soil.

Planting can be done in the fall or early spring. Fall planting will provide an earlier harvest.

Plant care

regular maintenance

Keep plants free of weeds, as these will compete for nutrients and water. It is advisable to apply a layer of mulch which will help conserve moisture and suppress weed growth.

Fertilization

Fertilization is key to ensuring optimal growth. Apply liquid fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during the growing season, increasing the dose as the bulbs begin to swell. Also, make sure the soil is suitable for growing shallots.

Watering and special care

Watering should be moderate, avoiding waterlogging. Water when the top layer of soil is dry. During periods of extreme heat, It may be necessary to water more frequently.

Control of pests and diseases

Shallots are susceptible to pests such as onion fly and various nematodes. To prevent their appearance, you can use a protective net during the active growth phase. In case of infestation, remove and burn affected plants to prevent the spread.

Flower removal

It's essential to remove any flowers that may appear, as these can divert energy from the bulbs and hinder their growth. If you see them beginning to bloom, cut off the flower stems immediately.

shallot harvest

Shallots are generally harvested between 100 to 120 days After sowing, when the leaves begin to wilt. It's advisable to choose a dry day for harvesting.

• Use a spade to gently lift the shallots from the soil, avoiding damaging the bulbs.
• Leave the shallots outdoors for a day to dry.
• Storing them in a cool, dry place will ensure good preservation, where they can last up to six months.

Storage

After harvesting, it's vital to cure shallots. Place them in a warm, well-ventilated area for at least a week. Once dried, store them in cardboard boxes or mesh bags in a cool, dry place.

Some helpful tips that can further improve your results include:

• Usa mulch to help retain moisture and control weed growth.
• Make sure the soil doesn't retain too much moisture, as this can cause root rot.
• Rotate crops to prevent diseases and pests that can affect shallot crops.
• Avoid using fresh manure, as it can be harmful to shallots.

With proper care, growing shallots is not only easy but can also provide abundant harvests, allowing you to enjoy this delicious vegetable in your meals. Whether you choose to plant them in your garden or in containers, shallots are an excellent addition to any vegetable plot.